Aberrant expression of miR-204 had been frequently reported in cancer studies; however, the mechanism of its function in retinoblastoma remained unknown. Here, we reported that miR-204 was frequently downregulated in retinoblastoma tissues and cell lines. Enforced expression of miR-204 inhibited retinoblastoma cells' proliferation and invasion. In vivo study indicated that restoration of miR-20...

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood. In majority of early stage retinoblastoma, the eyeballs as well as vision can be preserved with chemotherapy and local intraocular therapy with laser or photocoagulation. However, more than half the patients in India and other developing nations present in advanced stage of the disease. This article reviews the genetics, clinical...

PURPOSE Intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapeutic agents offers a new and exciting opportunity for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. It allows local delivery of relatively high doses of chemotherapy agents while bypassing general blood circulation. For this reason, this study was undertaken to revisit some of the FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of retinoblastoma. ME...

Retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer of the developing retina that begins in utero and is diagnosed in the first years of life. Biallelic RB1 gene inactivation is the initiating genetic lesion in retinoblastoma. The p53 gene is intact in human retinoblastoma but the pathway is believed to be suppressed by increased expression of MDM4 (MDMX) and MDM2. Here we quantify the expression of MDM4 and ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether neoadjuvant intravenous chemotherapy (chemoreduction) for retinoblastoma reduces the risk for associated intracranial neuroblastic tumor (trilateral retinoblastoma). DESIGN Retrospective consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred fourteen consecutive children with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma treated at a major ocular oncology center from January 1, 19...

Multiagent chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for multifocal intraocular retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:2106-2115. 9. Madreperla SA, Hungerford JL, Cooling RJ, Sullivan P, Gregor Z. Repair of late retinal detachment after successful treatment of retinoblastoma. Retina. 2000;20:28-32. 10. Baumal CR, Shields CL, Shields JA, Tasman WS. Surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachme...

Retinoblastoma is an embryonic intraocular tumor arising in the retina of eye. It a dangerous that can damage eye and its surrounding components. Chromosome 13q14.1-14.2 cytogenetic location RB1 gene. As result, early identification children essential. Over last few decades, treatment has improved with goal not only saving life but also optimizing residual vision. In oncology, machine learning ...

PURPOSE To investigate the differential roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 in the proliferation or differentiation of retinoblastoma cells. METHODS Cell proliferation assay with an MMP-9 inhibitor and cell viability assay with an MMP-2 inhibitor were performed in retinoblastoma cells with 5 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor 2 for proliferation, 0.1% bovine serum albumin for diff...

Introduction: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy in pediatric age. Knudson proposed his two-hit model, allowing the distinction of retinoblastoma in two major classes: heritable and non-heritable. Retinoblastoma was first considered to arise from a well known mutation in the RB1 tumor-suppressor gene (chromosome 13q14). Currently, evidence supports that biallelic inacti...