Several anterograde and retrograde tracing studies have provided detailed information on the afferent and efferent projections as well as the intrinsic connectivities of the endopiriform nucleus (EN). Here, we summarise EN connectional data and the principles of their organisation and discuss the role they may play in the development and spread of epileptic seizures.

This chapter summarizes details pertaining to the extracellular recording and juxtacellular labeling method and its application to the characterization of basal forebrain neurons. Juxtacellular labeling is compared to other single-cell labeling techniques. Compatibility of the method with fluorescent retrograde/anterograde neural tracing, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy techniques ...

The cells of origin, the course, and termination patterns of the ventral, uncrossed component of the rat corticospinal tract (CST) was investigated by using retrograde and anterograde tracing methods. Anterograde tracing with biotin dextran-amine (BDA) revealed the position and detailed morphology of CST fibers in the spinal cord. Cross sections on spinal levels C4, T8, and L4 showed labeled fi...

Results: Th e age range was 4-94 years (mean: 55.1 years), and 1816 patients (57.9%) were female. Th e most common indication was the presence of obstructive jaundice and/or a high serum bilirubin level (2289 patients, 73.0%). Th e average ERCP duration was 16.5 min (range: 5-45 min). A repeat ERCP was needed in 528 patients (16.8%), and cannulation was successful in 2965 patients (94.5%). Endo...

Acute pancreatitis is the most common serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1,2]. The incidence of acute pancreatitis after ERCP in large prospective studies published over the last two decades ranges from 1.6 to 15.1% [3-13]. Most cases of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) tend to be mild to moderate in severity. Only 0.4% of patients undergoing ERCP develop...

Materials and methods: We investigated 148 patients that underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to complicated HHD between January 2000 and December 2006 at the endoscopy unit of the Department of Surgery of Atatürk University Medical School. Age, sex, indications for ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), ERCP findings, laboratory data, operative findings, postop...

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was introduced over 4 decades ago. This challenging procedure has evolved significantly with experienced endoscopists performing this procedure safely and effectively with almost 100% biliary cannulation success rates. Since first used for biliary drainage in patients with choledocholithiasis, ERCP continues to play a critical role in the ma...

introduction: the septal region is part of the telencephalon and is a component of the limbic system. the lateral septal area (ls); largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. to support the functional analysis of this brain area in the rat, the sources of...

Recombinant rabies virus (RV) vectors expressing fluorescent proteins allow staining of neurons from many mammalian species and enable the study of neuron morphology. Because viral spread occurs only between neurons that have synaptic connections, these vectors also permit transsynaptic tracing. A recently established system for restriction of transsynaptic tracing to a single transsynaptic jum...