The purpose of this study was to analyze the gray levels, expressed in pixels, of the mandibular retromolar region, with regard to the influence of muscular and fat soft tissues near this region. Fifteen dry mandibles were X-rayed with the presence of soft tissue simulators. The radiographs were digitized and evaluated by Digora software. A one cm thick layer of wax was used as a simulator of t...

When mandibular dentures are fabricated, marginal sealing should be taken into consideration for the stability of the denture. We selected specimens of the medial pterygoid muscle showing insertion of an independent small muscle bundle at its insertion site, and evaluated the anatomical relationship between the morphology of the insertion site and the denture. The insertion of the pterygoid mus...

BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Distant metastases are very rare, and the oral cavity metastases are exceedingly rare. Only a few cases with metastasis to oral gingiva are reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of pleural mesothelioma metastasized to the retromolar trigone. CASE PRESENTATION A 59-year-old male was refe...

The retromolar foramina (RMF) and the retromolar canal (RMC) are anatomic variants in the mandible located distally to the last molar. The retromolar nerve, which runs through the RMC, is a type 1 bifidity of the mandibular canal. The investigations of the RMF and RMC have been performed by dry mandible studies, the panoramic radiograph (PAN), computed tomography (CT), and the cone beam compute...

introduction: careful planning on health care may prevent the spread of disease and reduce the expense for treatment. regarding the importance of health care in the clinical centers including physiotherapy clinics, this study was designed to investigate the rate of bacterial contamination of electrotherapy’s pads which use in the physiotherapy clinics of semnan university of medical sciences (i...

bracing is the non-operative treatment of choice for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais) and careful application of pads on apical segment of curve is very important for correction. control of pads` appropriate site in brace is not easy by clinical evaluation. therefore, we decided to compare results of braces which for better control of pads by radiographs, metal marker inserted around pads ...

Knuckle pads are well circumscribed thickenings of the skin over the metacarpophalangeal and, more commonly, the proximal interphalangeal joints. Although the association with several other clinical syndromes including Dupuytren's disease is well documented, most cases are idiopathic. We present a case of knuckle pads and briefly review the history and course of this disease.

air pads are applicable in ultra precision machines very much. two main components of these machines, spindle and table, use the advantages of such systems. the performance and efficiency of air pads have big influence on the whole machine quality. parameters affecting pressure distribution of air tables may be considered as, 1) air compressing method, 2) air nozzle diameter, shape, and size, 3...