Brefeldin A (BFA) causes rapid redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER, leaving no definable Golgi apparatus, and blocks transport of proteins into post-Golgi compartments in the cell. In this study we follow the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus in BFA-treated, living cells labeled with NBD-ceramide and demonstrate that forskolin can both inhibit and reverse this process. Long, tubular p...

Attention with reverse logistics networks has increased during the last decade since their economic impact has been increasingly important and as environmental legislation has been becoming stricter. In this paper, A multi-period multi-echelon forward–reverse logistics network design under risk model is developed. The proposed network structure consists of three echelons in the forward directio...

It happens that this reaction bears a close similarity to epoxidation using peracid, the characteristic feature being that the central (spiro) atom has two bonds forming to it and two bonds breaking from it in both reactions. I had noted for the latter reaction that in fact the bond redistribution, although concerted, was asynchronous. This asynchrony was represented by the green arrows precedi...

Through independence the Scottish Government aims to reverse many of the UK Government’s welfare reforms, and at the same time, reform the welfare system so that it improves the transition into work. There is an apparent trade-off between the desire to increase redistribution and improve work incentives. However, because different groups respond differently to particular incentives inherent in ...

The spatial redistribution of the charged point defects under direct-current (DC) biasing can have significant implications for electroceramic device performance and lifetime [1,2]. The transport behavior of point defects is regulated by the boundary conditions of the electrodes, which can block ion transfer across the interface to varying degrees. When the electrodes are impermeable to mass tr...

Among the adaptive-grid methods, redistribution and embedding techniques have been the focus of more attention by researchers. Simultaneous or combined adaptive techniques have also been used. This paper describes a combination of adaptive-grid embedding and redistribution methods on semi-structured grids for two-dimensional invisid flows. Since the grid is semi-structured, it is possible to us...

A common view in public finance is that there is an efficiency-redistribution tradeoff in which distortions are tolerated in order to redistribute income. However, the fact that so much publicand private redistributive activity involves in-kind transfers rather than cash may be indicative of merit motives on the part of the payers rather than a preference for the well-being of the recipients. E...

BACKGROUND Myocardial viability in area at risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after reperfusion therapy may be underestimated by the 24-hour images due to reverse redistribution (r-RD). METHODS Subjects were 37 AMI patients in whom Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PYP)/Tl-201 dual-isotope SPECT was positive. The 24-hour delayed scan was performed with only a Tl window. One month later, follow up ...

This paper will share current results of Amkor’s WLCSP board level reliability testing for both larger package size and smaller pitch. The 6.8mm test vehicle used for the large WLCSP package testing has 196 I/O set on a 400um pitch uniform array. The 300um pitch package has 100 I/O and is 3.8mm on each side. Amongst other design variations, solder alloy and redistribution layer thickness are ex...