Riyazat (Exercise) is any deliberately structured and planned bodily movement performed to improve physical fitness, health, overall wellbeing. It for many reasons like strengthening of tendons, muscles, ligaments, cardiovascular system, maintenance or loss weight, enhancement athletic skills, improvement metabolic functions, mental health by reducing stress, sometimes merely enjoyment. Numerou...

Islamic medicine is regarded as a comprehensive medical school with a long, glorious and worldwide reputation. Some of the physicians of this school are famous worldwide and have contributed valuable services to the scientific world. Given the dramatically increasing prevalence of cancer and the relative inefficacy of current medications, there is a great demand for the introduction of effectiv...

We bless Thee for the goodly heritage From which he sprang, For youthful curiosity That fathered the genius of mature years, For his knowledge of the Latin tongue Even if neglected in the stagnant air of courts, For his hospitality to Arab learning, For all he learned from Avicenna, Lazarus Hebraeus, Rhazes, and Galen, And most of all, for what he added to their lore, For his mind's triumph ove...

being contemporary with avicenna and rhazes, abu maher shirazi was born in shiraz the 10th century ad. he was known as the rst inuential physician in shiraz in the islamic period and his students, such as haly abbas, called him a great scientist. concerning his signicant impact on medicine in this era, abu maher shirazi is a good candidate for the title “the founder of shiraz medical doctrine”.

Neuropathic pain is supposed to be a post-renaissance described medical entity. Although it is often believed that John Fothergill (1712-1780) provided the first description of this condition in 1773, a review of the medieval Persian medical writings will show the fact that neuropathic pain was a medieval-originated concept. "Auojae Asab" [Nerve-originated Pain[ was used as a medical term in me...

The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates back to the dawn of civilization. Throughout history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pioneers in the field of kidney and urological disorders, a...

The present article describes briefly the development of the theories regarding the circulation of blood in humans, from the time of Galen (second century C.E.) to the work of William Harvey (17th century C.E.).We shall summarize the views of Galen together with those of two prominent Iranian physicians of the Middle Ages (Razi and Ahwazi known in the West as Rhazes and Haly Abbas respectively)...

descending through increasingly exteriorized grades of expression. The distinction between language and speech is contained within this framework, and much more besides. The subject of logos was considered too philosophical to fall within the scope of the book (p. 40), but the fact that its omission led to such a misconception suggests that the scope was somewhat too narrow, since medicine and ...