Background: The main viral causes of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) include influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus, and parainfluenza viruses (PIV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory RSV, ADV and rhinovirus in patients with flu-like symptoms admitted to Mazandaran province health centers in north of Iran. Metho...

conclusions crs is a common disease with negative effects on the quality of patients’ lives. this study showed the high prevalence of these two common respiratory viruses in patients with crs. background chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is one of the most common chronic illnesses, but the etiology and pathogenesis of crs are not well understood. few studies have been carried out on the role of viru...

Nasal administration of an interferon inducer, CP-20,961 (N, N-dioctadecyl-N', N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)propanediamine), was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of experimental rhinovirus infection in 29 volunteers. Detectable nasal interferon developed in 10 of 15 subjects treated with CP-20,961, and 2 of 14 in the group receiving placebo (P < 0.006). Titers of CP-20,961-induced...

The 2A proteinases (2Apro) of certain picornaviruses induce the cleavage of the eIF4G subunit of the cap-binding protein complex, eIF4F. Several reports have demonstrated that 2Apro of rhinovirus and coxsackievirus B4 cleave eIF4G directly. However, it was suggested that in poliovirus infection, the 2Apro induces the activation of a cellular proteinase which in turn cleaves eIF4G. Furthermore, ...

We have previously shown that Xenopus oocytes require coinjection of both poliovirus RNA and HeLa cell extracts to support a complete cycle of viral replication yielding high levels of infectious viral particles. This novel system provides a tool for identifying host factors and for biochemically dissect individual steps that lead to virus production. Here we demonstrate that Xenopus oocytes ar...

The stress-activated protein kinase p38 plays a central role in the regulation of cytokine biosynthesis by various cell types in response to a wide range of stimuli. Because the local inflammatory response and the infiltration of neutrophils is thought to contribute to the symptoms and sequelae of rhinovirus infection, we investigated the role of p38 kinase in cytokine and chemokine elaboration...

BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infections during infancy account for the majority of respiratory illness health care utilization and are an associated risk factor for subsequent development of allergic asthma. Neonatal type I interferon production is diminished compared to adults after stimulation with TLR agonists. However, broad profiling of immune cell responses to infectious rhinovirus has not been ...

BACKGROUND Bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) are primary target for Rhinovirus infection through attaching to cell membrane proteins. OM-85, a bacterial extract, improves recovery of asthma and COPD patients after viral infections, but only part of the mechanism was addressed, by focusing on defined immune cells. OBJECTIVE We therefore determined the effect of OM-85 on isolated primary human B...

Primer-independent agnostic deep sequencing was used to generate three human rhinovirus (HRV) B genomes and one HRV C genome from samples collected in a household respiratory survey in rural coastal Kenya. The study provides the first rhinovirus genomes from Kenya and will help improve the sensitivity of local molecular diagnostics.

We describe a lethal respiratory outbreak among wild chimpanzees in Uganda in 2013 for which molecular and epidemiologic analyses implicate human rhinovirus C as the cause. Postmortem samples from an infant chimpanzee yielded near-complete genome sequences throughout the respiratory tract; other pathogens were absent. Epidemiologic modeling estimated the basic reproductive number (R0) for the e...