Blast, Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch, and sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, are major fungal diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in theUSA. Resistance toU.S.M. oryzae races was observed in 91 newly introduced rice accessions, suggesting these accessions are possible sources of novel blast resistance genes (Pi-genes) that could be incorporated into U.S. rice cultivars. The genes Pi...

Wild relatives genetically close to cultivars are precious genetic resources for plant breeding. Oryza rufipogon, O. barthii, O. glumaepatula, O. meridionalis and O. longistaminata are such wild species, and are also categorized as AA genome species based on their structural similarities. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are a powerful resource in breeding and genetics, and numerou...

The adoption of modern rice cultivars has increased annual production in the past three decades by 2.4% per annum and average yield by 71% (Khush and Virk 2002). Modern cultivars continue to replace thousands of traditional cultivars (Chang 1994). Although the number of landraces used in breeding modern cultivars has increased in the same period (Hossain et al 2003), many modern cultivars share...

Long-grain rice cultivars Cocodrie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three locations (Hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA), and medium-grain rice cultivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two locations (Jonesboro and Lodge Corner, AR, USA), were harvested and assayed for susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera...

BACKGROUND In the recent years, cases of elderly women suffering from metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemias brought about by hormonal imbalance after menopause are continuously increasing. In this regard, a continuous and escalating demand to develop a more functional and highly nutritional food product as an adjunct supplement that can help alleviate these diseases is still being sought. ...

Seed shattering is an important trait that distinguishes crop cultivars from the wild and weedy species. The genetics of seed shattering was investigated in this study to provide insights into rice domestication and the evolution of weedy rice. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, conducted in 2 recombinant inbred populations involving 2 rice cultivars and a weedy rice accession of the sout...

Here we examined the properties of endosperm starches and the physical properties of cooked rice from four cultivars of Japanese upland rice containing M-type amylopectin (Chikanarijyun1, Kairyo13, Mogamichikanari1 and Hokkaiakage); S-type Nipponbare and L-type Kasalath served as standards. The amylopectin chain ratio (ACR ; ratio of the short chains of DP ≤ 10 to the short and intermediate cha...

Sucrose synthase activity in rice is potentially yield limiting. This is because the carbon that forms starch enters the developing rice grain as sucrose and that sucrose must be broken down to form the precursors of starch. The enzyme that breaks down sucrose in the filling rice grain is sucrose synthase. Earlier research efforts on rice physiology indicated that endosperm sucrose-synthase act...

BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites enable to contaminate a wide range of natural substrates. This contamination can be host-specific for different plant species. In this study, the ability of a toxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus to produce various aflatoxins on major Iranian cereals was evaluated with special focus on plant susceptibility to toxin production at cultivar level. ...

The influence of red light and ultraviolet (UV)-A radiation on the single leaf photosynthesis and transpiration were investigated in two different plant-type rice cultivars: active tillering type, Hopumbyeo (HP) and low-tillering heavy panicle type, Shindongjinbyeo (SDJ) at maximum tiller number stage. An open photosynthesis measurement system was used to monitor CO2 exchange rate, which was de...