To investigate the antagonism between isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (rifampicin) (RIF)-pyrazinamide (PZA) combination observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice, extensive pharmacokinetic studies of INH were performed and followed by experiments to assess the impact of increasing doses of INH on the antimicrobial activity of RIF-PZA combination. INH at 6.25 mg/kg of body weight produce...

OBJECTIVES Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) assay has been introduced for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and RIF-resistance. The meta-analysis was used to establish the overall accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing TB and RIF-resistance. METHODS Based on comprehensive searches of the Pubmed and Embase, we identified outcome data from all articles estimating diagnostic accuracy with Xpert ...

To examine retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in schizophrenia, subjects studied category-exemplar words taken from either strong or weak categories, and then practiced retrieval by completing category word-stems on half of the word pairs. Patients had reduced recall and recognition, but showed the expected RIF effect of better recall of unpracticed items from unpracticed categories than for un...

A prominent theory of cognitive development attributes the poor performance that children show in many cognitive tasks to a general lack of inhibitory control. We tested this theory by examining children's inhibitory capabilities in retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), a memory task in which selective retrieval of previously studied material causes forgetting of related, nonretrieved material. S...

Information regarding the utility of adjunct diagnostic tests in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is limited. We hypothesised adjunct tests could enhance accuracy and/or reduce the cost of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis prior to MTB/RIF testing, and rule-in or rule-out TB in MTB/RIF-negative individuals. We assessed the accuracy and/or laboratory-associated cost of diag...

The World Health Organization has recommended use of molecular-based tests MTBDRplus and GeneXpert MTB/RIF to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in developing and high-burden countries. Both tests are based on detection of mutations in the Rifampin (RIF) Resistance-Determining Region of DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase gene (rpoB). Such mutations are found in 95-98% of Mycobacterium tubercul...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis remains a challenge worldwide. The Xpert MTB/RIF test, a rapid mycobacteria tuberculosis diagnostic tool, was recommended for use in children based on data from adult studies. We evaluated the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis using one induced sputum sample and described clinical charac...

Populations of red imported fire ants (RIFA; Solenopsis invtcta) have spread rapidly throughout 'the southeastern United States. RIF A, directly or indirectly, negatively affect many wildlife species, _ and northern bobwhite (Col'inus virginianus) appear to be particularly susceptible. We examined the effect of exposure to different numbers of RIF A for 15 and 60 seconds on body mass and surviv...

Chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum appears to decrease CQ accumulation in its food vacuole by enhancing its efflux via an active membrane pump, which has been reported to be a P-glycoprotein-like transporter. Rifampicin (RIF) is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor and also has some antimalarial activity. It is hoped that a combination of choloroquine-rifampicin (CQ + RIF) would be advantag...

BACKGROUND Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is defined as pregnancy failure after two to six times with at least ten high grade embryo transfer to uterus. A variety of causes have been anticipated for RIF, including anatomical, autoimmune, genetics, endocrine and thrombotic anomalies. Factors responsible for RIF have important implication regarding treatment however in many couples a perfect...