A paradigm of cytokinesis in animal cells is that the actomyosin contractile ring provides the primary force to divide the cell. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis also involves a conserved cytokinetic ring, which has been generally assumed to provide the force for cleavage (see also [5]). However, in contrast to animal cells, cytokinesis in yeast cells also requires th...

Bioconversion of (-)-epicatechin (-EC), (+)-epicatechin (+EC), (-)-catechin (-C), and (+)-catechin (+C) by (-)-epigallocatechin (-EGC)-metabolizing bacteria, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens MT4s-5, Eggerthella lenta JCM 9979, and Flavonifractor plautii MT42, was investigated. A. equolifaciens MT4s-5 could catalyze C ring cleavage to form (2S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan...

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a major membrane phospholipid that is mainly localized in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. We previously demonstrated that PE was exposed on the cell surface of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Immobilization of cell surface PE by a PE-binding peptide inhibited disassembly of the contractile ring components, including myosin II and radixin, resul...

In spite of the variety of initial reactions, the aerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds generally yields dihydroxy intermediates for ring cleavage. Recent investigation of the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds revealed that some nitroaromatic compounds are initially converted to 2-aminophenol rather than dihydroxy intermediates by a number of microorganisms. The complete pathway for...

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a major membrane phospholipid that is mainly localized in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. We previously demonstrated that PE was exposed on the cell surface of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Immobilization of cell surface PE by a PE-binding peptide inhibited disassembly of the contractile ring components, including myosin II and radixin, resul...

Previously, we hypothesized that hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be biotransformed by anaerobic sludge via three different routes: (1) direct ring cleavage via alpha-hydroxylation of a-CH(2) group, (2) reduction of one of the -NO(2) groups to -NO, (3) N-denitration prior to ring cleavage. The present study describes biotransformation of RDX via route 3 by a diaphorase (EC 1.8....

Initiation of cytokinesis requires the establishment of the cleavage plane, the assembly of the contractile ring, and the ingression of the cleavage furrow. MgcRacGAP, a GTPase-activating protein for RhoA, is required for cytokinesis, but the mechanism of its action remains unknown. We report here that MgcRacGAP is required for the assembly of anillin and myosin into the contractile ring. In ad...

The study of pollution due to combined antibiotics and metals is urgently needed. Photochemical processes are an important transformation pathway for antibiotics in the environment. The mechanisms underlying the effects of metal-ion complexation on the aquatic photochemical transformation of antibiotics in different dissociation forms are crucial problems in science, and beg solutions. Herein, ...