Automatic change detection and data updating is a very important issue for keeping the temporal accuracy and currency of spatial data sets. Road networks are one of the most important parts of geographic database. Firstly two kinds of new algorithms for detecting feature changes that is buffer detection (BD) algorithm and double-buffer detection (DBD) algorithm are illustrated in detail. The co...

The uses of road map in daily activities are numerous but it is a hassle to construct and update a road map whenever there are changes. In Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, research on Automatic Road Extraction (ARE) was explored to solve the difficulties in updating road map. The research started with using Satellite Image (SI), or in short, the ARE-SI project. A Hybrid Simple Colour Space Segmenta...

In this article a new procedure that was designed to extract road centerline from high resolution satellite images, is presented. The results (road Networks) are fully structured in vector formed in Computer Aided Design (CAD) based system that could be used in Geographical Information System (GIS) with minimum edit. The designed procedure is the combination of image processing algorithms and e...

The present paper introduces a new algorithm for the elimination of arcs in road maps. The algorithm is based on information theory. A case study illustrates how the algorithm works. The perceptual properties of the map reader and the resolution of the display unit are brought into the algorithm by a similarity function.

Cancer immunotherapy and in particular monoclonal antibodies blocking the inhibitory programed cell death 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have made a significant impact on the treatment of cancer patients in recent years. However, despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of these agents in a number of malignancies, it has become clear that they are not sufficiently active for many patients. Initial evid...