Optimization of timetable is the need of the day for the rescheduling and routing of trains in real time. Trains are scheduled in parallel with the road transport vehicles to the same destination. As the number of trains is restricted due to single track, customers usually opt for road transport to use frequently. The air pollution increases as the density of vehicles on road transport is incre...

Austroads and the Federal Department of Transport and Regional Services (DOTARS) engaged CSIRO, the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) Transport Research, the Monash University Centre for Population and Urban Research and the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) to undertake a project to examine likely future climate change and population scenarios for the whole o...

Every year, more than 400 people are killed in over 1200 accidents at road-rail level crossings in the European Union. Together with tunnels and specific road black spots, level crossings (LC) have been identified as being a particular weak point in road infrastructure, seriously jeopardizing road safety. Safety at LC is a single part of a wider picture of transport safety within the whole tran...

1. Introduction Transport is a technology that aims to move people and goods from a point to another point. Transport modes such as railways, roads, and aviations are designed for carrying people and goods along a one-dimensional line. On the other hand, demand for transport spreads over two-dimensional areas, meaning that transport modes should configure network structure efficiently so as to ...