In recent years, rock scouring or erosion downstream of dams has become an increasing dam safety concern. Several theoretical, semi-theoretical, semi-analytical and numerical methods can be used to assess the in hydraulic structures. Semi-theoretical approaches determine correlation between erosive intensity fluid flow resistive capacity rock. Such establish scour thresholds as a function water...

Rainfall simulation experiments on road batters in a forest catchment in New South Wales, Australia, demonstrated the limits of small scale erosion studies. Comparable erodibility studies were carried out on road surfaces, road batters constructed of soil, bedrock and unconsolidated materials and the forest surfaces. There was no significant difference in sediment loss between any type of site,...

This study investigates the role of mechanical layering and fractures on flood-related erosional undercutting resulting rapid spillway recession. In summer 2002, 86 cm rain fell in an 8-day period across Guadalupe River drainage basin central Texas, causing Canyon Lake reservoir to completely fill overtop emergency for first time. The flood incised a gorge into mechanically layered Glen Rose Fo...

Realistic modeling of infiltration, runoff and erosion processes from watersheds requires estimation of the effective hydraulic conductivity (Km) of the hillslope soils and how it varies with soil tilth, depth and cover conditions. Field rainfall simulation (RS) plot studies provide an opportunity to assess the surface soil hydraulic and erodibility conditions, but a standardized interpretation...

Mineral dust in the atmosphere has implications for Earth’s radiation budget, biogeochemical cycles, hydrological cycles, human health, and visibility. Currently, the simulated vertical mass flux of dust differs greatly among the existing dust models. While most of the models utilize an erodibility factor to characterize dust sources, this factor is assumed to be static, without sufficient char...

in the universal soil loss equation (usle), soil erodibility factor (k) is estimated through nomograph. using the nomograph in calcareous soils may lead to uncertainty in estimating the erodibility factor. this study was conducted in hashtrud, (north west of iran) from march 2005 to march 2006. field measurements were carried out in an agricultural area of 30 km × 30 km. thirty six land grids w...

The rock mass erosion of dam spillways, a phenomenon involving the interaction between hydraulic load water and capability to resist its destruction, remains critical safety issue. resistance can be estimated through several erodibility indices, including those Kirsten, Pells or Bollaert. Several indices have been developed link parameters water, i.e., applied on mass. use average flow velocity...

[1] Soil erosion models are usually limited in their application to the field scale; however, the management of land resources requires information at the regional scale. Large‐scale physically based land surface schemes (LSS) provide estimates of regional scale hydrologic processes that contribute to erosion. If scaling issues are adequately addressed, coupling an LSS to a physically based ero...