We recently identified a novel human protein kinase, p160 ROCK, as a putative downstream target of the small GTPase Rho. Using the human ROCK cDNA as a probe, we isolated cDNA of two distinct, highly related sequences from mouse libraries. One encoded a mouse counterpart of human ROCK (ROCK-I), and the other encoded a novel ROCK-related kinase (ROCK-II). Like ROCK/ROCK-I, ROCK-II also bound to ...

One ROCK is not like another he mammalian rho kinases, ROCKI and ROCKII, control distinct cytoskeletal functions from distinct locations, report Yoneda et al. on page 443. ROCKI is required for formation of actin stress fibers and cell adhesion, whereas ROCKII is needed for phagocytosis. The ROCK proteins are major effectors of the Rho signaling pathway, controlling cell adhesion, motility, and...

a r t i c l e i n f o The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of filling materials (e.g., quartz sand and kaolin clay) in the interaction between a P-wave and a rock fracture. The specific fracture stiffness reflects the seismic response of a filled fracture, while the wave transmission coefficient describes P-wave transmission across the filled fracture. A series of experimental t...

The similar material plays an important role in Geo-mechanical model test, and the proportion influences the test results directly. According to the physical and mechanical properties of the prototype, the cementitious material with good elastic-plastic for iron crystal sand (ISBM) was chosen as the similar material for the research on failure mechanism of surrounding rock under the environment...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Rock alteration and rind formation in analog environments like Antarctica may provide clues to rock alteration and therefore paleoclimates on Mars. Clastic sedimentary rocks derived from basaltic sources have been studied in situ by martian rovers and are likely abundant on the surface of Mars. However, how such rock types undergo alteration when exposed to...

Rock fracture propagation is a major hazard for mining and tunnel excavation in fractured rock masses or coal seams. A longwall panel with typical dimension of 200m (width)×1000m (length)×3m (height) can be considered as an open edge crack. The fracturing processes the vicinity crack (or panel) particularly roof floor are critically important safety operation because lead to water inrush dynami...

In order to investigate the characteristics of rock and rock-like materials during fracture process, notched semi-circular bending (SCB) experiments 3 rocks 2 were conducted in this paper. The process crack mouth opening was measured with a clip gauge. Acoustic emission used analyze damage failure mode specimens. Meanwhile, zone (FPZ) analyzed digital image correlation (DIC). Finally, differenc...

Air movement and associated oxygen transport through waste rock dumps has the potential to significantly enhance the rate of oxidation of pyrite-bearing material. While this is a desired outcome for most heap leach operations, airflow in waste rock storage facilities can result in significant increases in generation and acceleration of acid rock drainage. Hence, a good understanding of internal...