In this paper, a photonic crystal waveguide with point defects and lattice constant perturbations of +5%, -5% are being investigated. Firstly waveguide structures with constant and specific parameters are being studied and photonic band gap diagrams for TE/TM modes are depicted; then pulse propagation in the frequencies available in the band gap are shown. After that, effects of parameters like...

Using molecular dynamics simulations we examine the effective interactions between two like-charged rods as a function of angle and separation. In particular, we determine how the competing electrostatic repulsions and multivalent-ion-induced attractions depend upon concentrations of simple and multivalent salts. We find that with increasing multivalent salt, the stable configuration of two rod...

We examine the effect of external electric fields on the behavior of colloidal silica rods. We find that the electric fields can be used to induce para-nematic and para-smectic phases, and to reduce the number of defects in smectic phases. At high field strengths, a new crystal structure was observed that consisted of strings of rods ordered in a hexagonal pattern in which neighboring rods were...

Above a certain density threshold, suspensions of rodlike colloidal particles form system-spanning networks. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate how the depletion forces caused by spherical particles affect these networks in isotropic suspensions of rods. Although the depletion forces are strongly anisotropic and favor alignment of the rods, the percolation threshold of the rods decre...

Filament bundles (rods) of cofilin and actin (1:1) form in neurites of stressed neurons where they inhibit synaptic function. Live-cell imaging of rod formation is hampered by the fact that overexpression of a chimera of wild type cofilin with a fluorescent protein causes formation of spontaneous and persistent rods, which is exacerbated by the photostress of imaging. The study of rod induction...

Rods and cones are both photoreceptors in the retina, but they are different in many aspects including the light response characteristics and, for example, cell morphology and metabolism. These differences would be caused by differences in proteins expressed in rods and cones. To understand the molecular bases of these differences between rods and cones, one of the ways is to compare proteins e...

In frog retina there are special rod photoreceptor cells ('green rods') with physiological properties similar to those of typical vertebrate rods ('red rods'). A cDNA fragment encoding the putative green rod visual pigment was isolated from a retinal cDNA library of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Its deduced amino acid sequence has more than 65% identity with those of blue-sensitive cone pigme...

Aligned ZnO arrays with branched rods, hexagonal rods, quasi-round rods, hexagonal pyramids and porous nanostructures are constructed on zinc foil in the ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.

The polarization behavior of metallic nano-rods has been analyzed by means of the finite-difference-time-domain method. When the average spacing between the nano-rods is less than a half wavelength, the layer reflects the light polarized parallel to the nano-rods, as in a nano-slit. However, when the spacing is larger than a half wavelength, the metallic surface absorbs the light, polarized per...

The drill makes use of four rods to obtain the full length drill string which allows to reach a penetration depth of 2 meters. The first rod is the real drill tool with sample collection capability; the other 3 rods are extension rods. The real drill tool is installed at the mandrel during launch, the other three rods are stored in a dedicated rod magazine together with a back up drill tool. Al...