The high-degree Earth Gravitational Model EGM08 allows for geoid determination with a resolution of the order of 5'. Using this model for estimating the quasigeoid height, we estimate the global root mean square (rms) commission error to 5 and 11 cm, based on the assumptions that terrestrial gravity contributes to the model with an rms standard error of 5 mGal and correlation length 0.01◦ and 0...

This study evaluates the steepest descent algorithm as a tool for root mean square (RMS) error optimization in geodetic reference systems to improve integrity of transformation. With an initial RMS estimate 0.01830m, negative gradient direction was applied through leading final 0.00051m. Using exact line search mode with one-point step size 0.1, we achieved minimum values less than sixty iterat...

OBJECTIVES The authors investigated whether models using time series methods can generate accurate short-term forecasts of emergency department (ED) bed occupancy, using traditional historical averages models as comparison. METHODS From July 2005 through June 2006, retrospective hourly ED bed occupancy values were collected from three tertiary care hospitals. Three models of ED bed occupancy ...

Storage and transmission limitations have made electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression an important aspect for ECG computerized systems. In this paper a lossless method based on modified American standard code for information Interchange (ASCII) character encoding for ECG data compression have been proposed. The Proposed method consists of compression algorithm comprising sign count; generatio...

Image focus analysis is an important technique for passive autofocusing and three-dimensional shape measurement. Electronic noise in digital images introduces errors in this technique. It is therefore important to derive robust focus measures that minimize error. In our earlier research, we have developed a method for noise sensitivity analysis of focus measures. In this paper we derive explici...

Forecasting is a systematic attempt to examine the future by inference from known facts. Sales forecasting is an ballpark figure of sales during a specified future period. Formerly, it was a manual process using the mathematical formulas. Due to the advent of computer the process of sale forecasting is fast and accurate. Machine learning, a subfield of Artificial Intelligence, has many algorith...

BACKGROUND The multileaf collimator (MLC) is a critical component to accurate intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivery. This study examined MLC positional accuracy via MLC logs from Varian machines from six institutions and three delivery techniques to evaluate typical positional accuracy and treatment and mechanical parameters that affect accuracy. Typical accuracy achieved was compare...

In this work, a state-space battery model is derived mathematically to estimate the state-of-charge (SoC) of a battery system. Subsequently, Kalman filter (KF) is applied to predict the dynamical behavior of the battery model. Results show an accurate prediction as the accumulated error, in terms of root-mean-square (RMS), is a very small value. From this work, it is found that different sets o...

Abstract. The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute (MAE) are widely used metrics for evaluating models. Yet, there remains enduring confusion over their use, such that a standard practice is to present both, leaving it the reader decide which more relevant. In recent reprise 200-year debate Willmott Matsuura (2005) Chai Draxler (2014) give arguments favoring one metric or other. How...