Plant productivity is directly affected by the capacity of the root system to forage for soil resources. An enhanced understanding of root-soil interactions provides the potential to improve crop performance in specific soil environments. Interactions between roots and soil are, however, complex. The root-soil environment is heterogeneous and difficult to visualise and measure, root architectur...

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. Materials and Methods Thirty canals with 20°-45° of curvature from extracted human molars were used...

OBJECTIVE To compare the capacity of a reciprocating system (Endo-Gripper) and a rotary system (Profile .04) for mechanical removal of root-filling material from curved root canals in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty canals (40 mesiobuccal and 40 mesiolingual) from mandibular first molars were instrumented and had their roots filled. After 6 months, 3-dimensional images of the roots were o...

OBJECTIVE To calculate root canal volume and surface area in microCT images, an image segmentation by selecting threshold values is required, which can be determined by visual or automatic methods. Visual determination is influenced by the operator's visual acuity, while the automatic method is done entirely by computer algorithms. To compare between visual and automatic segmentation, and to de...

[This corrects the article on p. 2 in vol. 8, PMID: 25698920.].

OBJECTIVE During intraaortic balloon inflation, blood volume is displaced toward the heart (V(tip)), traveling retrograde in the descending aorta, passing by the arch vessels, reaching the aortic root (V(root)), and eventually perfusing the coronary circulation (V(cor)). V(cor) leads to coronary flow augmentation, one of the main benefits of the intraaortic balloon pump. The aim of this study w...

The "standard urea clearance" is calculated upon the assumption that the urea excretion will vary with the square root of the urine volume, when the latter is below the augmentation limit of about two milliliters per minute. The result of the calculation gives the milliliters of blood which would be cleared were the urine volume one milliliter per minute, if the square root rule were strictly t...