Materials and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was carried out at field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh using systematic random sampling with probability proportionate to size among 225 rural older individuals using pretested and predesigned questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 20. Tests of proportion and χ2-test w...

BACKGROUND In order to begin to address the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in sub-Saharan Africa, high quality community-based epidemiological studies from the region are urgently needed. Cluster-designed sampling methods may be most efficient, but designing such studies requires assumptions about the clustering of the outcomes of interest. Currently, few studies from Sub-Saharan Af...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and pattern of smoking amongst Pakistanis. SAMPLING DESIGN: A two stage stratified sample design was adopted for the survey, Primary Sampling Units (PSU's) and Secondary Sampling Units (SSU's). SETTING Urban and Rural, Pakistan 1990-94. SUBJECTS Stratified systematic sample of 9441 males and females aged 15 years and above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Smoke...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of rural occupational accidents and its association with potential risk factors. METHODS The study was carried out in a urban area of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A representative sample of rural workers was selected using a multi-stage sampling. From January to April 1996, a total of 258 rural families were visited and all...

How can rural hospitals continue to attract physicians to their facilities? For most rural hospitals, the number of dollars they spend in medical education equates to the number of physicians they are able to retain on staff. What will be the cost to the consumer versus the physicians if the shortage is not addressed and corrected?

This paper explores determinants of participation, intensity and the magnitude of the rural nonfarm economy (RNFE) in Tajikistan. Conducting analysis at the district level, in addition to traditional individual and household levels, helps to test the impact of institutional determinants of the RNFE invariant at the micro level. We have found that rural residents in Tajikistan are mostly pushed ...

Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China due to its rapid economic development alongside a very large consumption of fossil fuel, particularly in the North China Plain (NCP). During the period 2011-2014, we integrated active and passive sampling methods to perform continuous measurements of NH3, HNO3, NO2, and PM2.5 at two urban, one suburban, and two rural sites...

background: lack of nutritional knowledge is one of the most important reasons of nutritional problems and consequently im­proper practice, which can lead to several complications. this study has been designed in order to compare knowledge, at­ti­tude and practices of the urban and rural households regarding iron deficiency anemia (ida) in boushehr, golestan and sis­tan & balouchestan provinces...