The principles governing the in vitro solubility of the common natural conjugated and unconjugated bile acids and salts in relation to pH, micelle formation, and Ca2+ concentration are considered from a theoretical standpoint and then correlated first with experimental observations on model systems and second with the formation of precipitates containing bile acids in health and disease. In vit...

The hypothesis of this experiment was that the various sources of dietary fat with different dietary ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) would alter the reproduction parameters of mature rams. Twelve mature rams were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: 1) ration with 4% soybean ...

We introduced efficient incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] and N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine, insect-derived elicitors of plant volatiles, in the common cutworms Spodoptera litura by the incubation of larval gut tissues with unsaturated (linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids) or saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) sodium salt,...

The efficacies of many antimicrobial peptides are greatly reduced under high salt concentrations, limiting their development as pharmaceutical compounds. Here, we describe an easy strategy to increase salt resistance of antimicrobial peptides by replacing tryptophan or histidine residues with the bulky amino acids β-naphthylalanine and β-(4,4'-biphenyl)alanine. The activities of the salt-sensit...

Pleurotus citrinopileatus, also known in Vietnam as golden oyster mushroom, is a food rich protein, fiber, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals. In particular, the composition of yellow mushrooms, there β -1.3 - glucan with high biological activity an active ingredient contributing to intense stimulation immunity. The study researched process extracting cit...

The effects of salt stress on freshwater plants has been little studied up to now, despite the fact that they are expected to present different levels of salt sensitivity or salt resistance depending on the species. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of NaCl at two concentrations on three invasive freshwater species, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia grandiflora,...

Salt stress inhibits soybean growth and reduces gain yield. Genetic improvement of salt tolerance is essential for sustainable soybean production in saline areas. In this study, we isolated a gene (Ncl) that could synchronously regulate the transport and accumulation of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-) from a Brazilian soybean cultivar FT-Abyara using map-based cloning strategy. Higher expression of the ...

A fast and simple method based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) was developed for the analysis of volatile compounds in wines. full factorial 24 screening design built to investigate main factors affecting extraction components, namely volume solvent, sonication time, salt content, pH. Then, with significant effects were optimized using an I-optimal design. The opt...

In the crystal structure of the title salt, 2C(7)H(7)NH(3) (+)·SO(4) (2-), the cations inter-act with the oxyanions through strong charge-assisted N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of triarylsulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) afforded reaction times 90 to 420 times faster than conventional thermal conditions, with photoacid quantum yields of new sulfonium PAGs ranging from 0.01 to 0.4.