traditional production of grape syrup in iran inaugurated by addition of natural clay in order to decrease the acidity for subsequent heating. the presence of some mineral residues and sand in the final product which is mainly due to clay impurity might cause and adverse effect. in this study, eleven samples of traditionally produced grape syrup were collected randomly from different regions of...

The Asian clam Corbicula has become established worldwide in a wide range of freshwater ecosystems. Corbicula fluminea invaded Lake Constance (Central Europe) between 2000 and 2002 and has reached densities up to 3520 individuals .5 mm in length per square meter in sandy areas. However, the effect of this species on other benthic invertebrates remains unclear. Here, we show that ecosystem engin...

Low pollutant substrate bioavailability limits hydrocarbon biodegradation in soils. Bacterially produced surface-active compounds, such as rhamnolipid biosurfactant and the PA bioemulsifying protein produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can improve bioavailability and biodegradation in liquid culture, but their production and roles in soils are unknown. In this study, we asked if the genes for su...

This paper examines the feasibility of using calcium-based biocement to form an impermeable crust on top of a sand layer. The biocement used was a mixture of calcium salt, urea, and bacterial suspension, which hydrolyzed urea with production of carbonate and an increase of the pH level. Applying 0.6 g of Ca per c m 2 of sand surface, the permeability of the biocemented sand can be reduced from ...

1. The rate of urine production in the terrestrial crabs Gecarcinus lateralis (Freminville) and Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille maintained on s.w.-moist sand was measured by inulin clearance. 2. The inulin U/B ratios in both species rose to about unity after 48 h, and remained at this level. It was concluded that neither species withdrew water from the primary urine. 3. The relatively high rate of...

A new species of abertellid sand dollar, Abertella miskellyi n. sp., is described from the Miocene Camarones Formation of Patagonia, southern Argentina. The new taxon corroborates the existence of the genus in South America, given that Abertella is most common in the southeastern USA and the eastern coast of Central America. It is characterized by a unique basicoronal circle, in which the inter...

Several techniques have been used for sand production control in sandstone reservoirs.The main objective of this research is to present a suitable resin to be used as a consolidation agent in oil reservoirs. To achieve this purpose, urea-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, and modified urea-formaldehyde resin were selected to be studied. Core samples were made by the sand sample prov...

The initial binding of bacterial cells to a solid surface is a critical and essential step in biofilm formation. In this report we show that stationary-phase cultures of Escherichia coli W3100 (a K-12 strain) can efficiently attach to sand columns when they are grown in Luria broth medium at 28 degrees C in fully aerobic conditions. In contrast, growth in oxygen-limited conditions results in a ...