Direct, indirect and double antibody sandwich methods of ELISA were examined for their ability to detect and discriminate between granulosis viruses from Pieris brassicae, Agrotis segetum and Cydia pomonella and for their specificity in the presence of host material. The indirect method was the most sensitive, capable of detecting down to about I ng of dissolved capsules/ml compared with IO ng/...

A new type of composite structure with a metal foam is reinforced by the metal corrugated core, called metal-foam-filled sandwich panel with a corrugated or V-frame core, is modelled, simulated, and studied in this article. All types of samples with different relative densities of the foam are tested and analyzed under the drop hammer load. The sandwich panel included two aluminium face-sheet, ...

In this paper, a rectangular sandwich plate with a constrained layer and an electrorheological (ER) fluid core is investigated. The rectangular plate is covered an ER fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. The two outer layers of the sandwich structure are elastic. The viscoelastic materials express the middle layer behavior under electric field and small st...

Schistosomiasis mapping using data obtained from parasitological surveys is frequently used in planning and evaluation of disease control strategies. The available geostatistical approaches are, however, subject to the assumption of stationarity, a stochastic process whose joint probability distribution does not change when shifted in time. As this is impractical for large areas, we introduce h...

This study analyzes the free vibration, forced vibration, resonance, and stress wave propagation of orthotropic sandwich plates made of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Dynamic analyses are conducted using a mesh-free method based on first-order shear deformation theory and the shape functions constructed using moving least squares approximation. The sandwich plates are rested on a Pastern...

In this research, flat rolling process of bonded sandwich sheets is investigated by the method of upper bound. A kinematically admissible velocity field is developed for a single layer sheet and is extended into the rolling of the symmetrical sandwich sheets. The internal, shear and frictional power terms are derived and they are used in the upper bound model. Through the analysis, the rolling ...

in this paper, natural frequencies of the sandwich plates with soft flexible core and composite face sheets are obtained. three-dimensional (3d) finite element method (fem) is used for constructing and analyzing of the sandwich plates to obtain their natural frequencies. continuity conditions for transverse shear stresses at the interfaces as well as transverse flexibility and transverse normal...

BACKGROUND Small molecules classified as haptens are generally measured by competitive immunoassay, which is theoretically inferior to noncompetitive sandwich immunoassay in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We created a method for developing sandwich immunoassays to measure haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies. METHODS We generated antimetatype monoclonal antibodies against a ...

The purpose of this paper is control of simply supported flexible core sandwich beam's linear vibration equipped with piezoelectric patches under different loads. The effects of external forces imposed on sandwich beam can be reached to a minimum value by designing an appropriate controller and control the beam's vibration. Three-layer sandwich beam theory is used for analytical modeling of san...

Human thyroid epithelial cells were isolated from surgically resected human thyroid gland with collagenase and cultured for one week under EGF-supplemented conditions to allow them to proliferate. Then the cells were transferred to the following three-dimensional culture systems. One was a culture of isolated cells between floating double layers of collagen gel, designated the "floating sandwic...