Woody encroachment has altered oak savannas throughout much of the Midwestern United States. To help understand restoration options, we assessed the impacts of mechanically removing encroaching mesophytic trees and shrubs on structure, composition, and regeneration dynamics in Quercus alba dominated oak savannas in Iowa (n = 4), relative to control sites (n = 4). We monitored stand structure an...

Spatial distribution of palatable and unpalatable plants can influence the foraging behaviour of herbivores, thereby changing plant-damage probabilities. Moreover, the immediate proximity to certain plants can benefit other plants that grow below them, where toxicity or spines act as a physical barrier or concealment against herbivores. This paper presents the results of a multi-scale experimen...

Currently biological invasions are considered one of the world's most serious conservation problems. Ligustrum lucidum is the most abundant exotic tree in secondary forest patches of montane forests of NW Argentina. We studied the determinants of success of the early stages of its life cycle in distinct habitat types, with the hope of identifying vulnerabilities that could be exploited to contr...

Impediments, such as tree logs, can prevent access to saplings for deer, and increase perceived predation risk by blocking view escape possibilities deer in areas with large carnivores. Therefore, impediments influence foraging decisions the trade-off between safety food of different quality indirectly influencing regeneration. The aim our study was test how presence an impediment affects behav...

Even though many forest plants spend all or a significant portion of their lives in the forest understory, few studies have compared understory composition, structure, and resource availability among forests. We used standardized transect-based methods to compare small sapling densities (10•50 cm tall), understory vegetation cover, canopy openness, and nutrient availability in non-gap portions ...

Pervasive forest mortality is expected to increase in future decades as a result of increasing temperatures. Climate-induced forest dieback can have consequences on ecosystem services, potentially mediated by changes in forest structure and understory community composition that emerge in response to tree death. Although many dieback events around the world have been documented in recent years, ...

We investigated the effects of fire, grass and acacia age on relative growth rate (RGR), neighbour effect (RNE), height biomass in greenhouse condition. The experiment was arranged a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Grass shrubs were grown 17 weeks after establishment, thereafter, fire applied, observations done 16 later. Old tussock suppressed seedling sapling, but young facili...

• Low-intensity selective logging had negligible effects on basal area. Recently logged (one year since logging) forests more heterogeneous canopy openness. Older (ten years slightly higher sapling diversity. relative liana abundances. Liana removal techniques may be the most effective option for management improvement. Tropical are under threat of increasing pressure from income-generating lan...

Abstract The habitat of elephants ( Elephas maximus-sumatranus ) naturally provides a wide variety feed, availability water sources, shelter and salt licks. A plants can be found in lick locations. This study was conducted from October to December 2020, the Tangkahan CRU area, Langkat, North Sumatra, with aim obtaining fundamental information about potential plant species as natural food licks ...