Methods for hydrolyzing and solvolyzing conjugated bile acid sulfates were compared on reference mixtures of conjugated and unconjugated bile acid sulfates gas-liquid chromatography to assess recovery, and thin-layer chromatography and zonal scanning to define the products occurring after hydrolysis. Conventional methods in which solvolysis preceded vigorous alkaline saponification gave incompl...

Lutein is a dietary oxycarotenoid which is found to reduce the risks of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Supercritical fluid extraction of lutein esters from marigold petals was carried out and was found to be much effective than conventional solvent extraction. The saponification of pre-concentrated lutein esters to produce free lutein was studied which showed a composition of about 88%...

Treatment with alkali is one of several methods for removing fatty acids from bacterial endotoxins and, in the process, detoxifying the material. Saponification of fatty acid esters is the major detectable chemical change produced by alkali; however, kinetic studies of mild alkaline hydrolysis of endotoxin failed to correlate rates of detoxification with rates of loss of ketodeoxyoctonates, hep...

Gourd seeds have been identified as a source of edible oil, but there is sparse literature on the effect of processing factors on the characteristics of oil extracted from any Lagenaria spp. Optimization of oil extraction with the aid of expeller was achieved by applying response surface methodology. The variables were roasting temperature (87.70-172.0°C) and roasting duration (7.93-22.07 min),...

Abstract Red palm oil (RPO) is derived from the FFB of oil. Carotene in red or cannot be obtained by ordinary processes. Various attempts were made to obtain carotene compounds various methods separation (extraction). Therefore, this study attempted effect time and rotational speed rotary evaporator on yield carotenoid concentrates formed saponification process so that it would produce optimum ...