Experiment is central to scienti¢c methodology. Within science in general, experiments are used for four primary purposes, i.e. as a tool to explore novel phenomena and to provide systematic observations of processes, to determine the values of key parameters, to test hypotheses and theoretical models, and to validate computational models, which themselves can be considered as numerical experim...

Hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas is complex since much evidence of volcanic and non-volcanic hazards is often hidden by vegetation and alteration. In this paper, we propose a semi-quantitative method based on hazard event tree and multi-hazard map constructions developed in the frame of the FP7 MIAVITA project. We applied this method to the Kanlaon volcano (Philippines), which is c...

The surficial deposits surrounding the Mount Meager volcanic complex include numerous avalanche deposits. These deposits share many attributes: (a) they are nearly monolithologic and comprise mainly intermediate volcanic rock clasts, (b) they lack internal structure, and (c) they are very poorly sorted. Despite these similarities, the avalanche deposits represent two distinct processes. Mass wa...

The volcanic Rooiberg Group represents the earliest phase of Bushveld-related magmatism and comprises, in some areas, the floor and roof rocks of the mafic–ultramafic intrusive units of the Bushveld Complex. The lower to middle Dullstroom Formation is composed of two interbedded series of low Ti and high Ti volcanic strata, which are predominantly basaltic andesites. Volcanic units above these ...

The Precambrian Dullstroom Formation of South Africa, which is predominantly composed of basaltic andesites interbedded with subordinate sedimentary and felsic volcanic strata, represents the ®rst phase of an extended period of magmatism that was responsible for the Bushveld Magmatic Province, including the extrusive Rooiberg Group and the intrusive Bushveld Complex. New geochemical and isotopi...

The origin and geodynamic setting of the Maden Complex, which is situated in the Bitlis–Zagros Suture Zone in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt, is still controversial due to lack of systematic geological and geochemical data. Here we present new whole rock major–trace–rare earth element data from the Middle Eocene volcanic rocks exposed in Maden Complex and discuss their origin in the ligh...

Segev, A., Sass, E., Ron, H., Lang, B., Kolodny, Y., McWilliams, M. 2002. Stratigraphic, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic constraints on Late Cretaceous volcanism in northern Israel. Isr. J. Earth Sci. 51: 297–309. Late Cretaceous volcanism in northern Israel is represented by basaltic pyroclastics and lavas at two adjacent localities at Mount Carmel and the Umm el Fahm area. Four Cenomanian a...

Social volcanology refers to the integration of social science research methods into the traditionally physical domain of volcanology. This emerging multi-methodological research area draws from many disciplines in order to examine hazard-mitigation strategies that are community focused. A key facet of social volcanology is the role of culture and this paper explores the influence of traditiona...

Damavand is a fascinating dormant stratovolcano, 60 km to the ENE of Tehran located in the Alborz Mountains. Damavand volcanic products consist of lava flows and pyroclastic fall, flow and surge deposits from different eruption cycles. The volcanic rocks ranges from trachyandesite to trachyadacite and minor basalt. The mineral assemblage consists of potash feldspar (Or43/7), Plagioclase (An25 t...

One of the powerful means of detecting the volcanic effect on the earth’s radiation budget and, hence, on the earth’s climate is numerical modeling. However, the atmospheric processes, during and after the eruption, are too complex and frequently prohibit an adequate description of the non-unique effect of volcanic activity on the earth’s energy balance and its individual components. This expla...