in the course of selecting a route that lacks any archaeological artefacts and in order to construct an appropriate access path to kangelo fort in savadkouh at mazandaran province, an activity was done in the form of sounding operation by considering as a test (trial) and it led to discovery of a rare grave with burial structure formed by embryonic method plus the related objects relating to th...

sign of the diffusion of Chinese technology; to the textual and ethnographic sources noted by the authors, a large once-molten slag flow recently excavated by Coughenour in an Ayyubid-Mamluk ironworking area near Ajlun, Jordan can now be added as further evidence of the introduction of blast-furnace technology in medieval Islamic times. In a work of this scope, some minor lapses are inevitable....

the vegetation covering of a region has a direct correlation with climate. so if data is available for vegetation cover, the second variable (climate) can be easily predicted and in reverse. the dominant species in a region are indication of its climatic conditions and vice versa. accordingly, this is of significance in the science of historical botany. fortunately, from the first millennium ad...

with the eight sassanians reliefs, naghsh-e rustam in marvdasht is a prominent complex safeguarding a complete collection of the sassanian period. seven of these reliefs have been repeatedly the subject of investigations thanks to their relatively better conditions. the fifth relief, however, has not yet been studied due to their damaged status. it depicts the full-face portrait of a sassanid k...

abstract the mosaic art as a decorative element in buildings enjoys several thousand years of age in egypt, mesopotamia, greece, rome and byzantium and is widely usedbut technically speaking, the earliest mosaic forms have poorly made. they were made by insertion of fruit cores or broken pottery pieces in the wet mud mortar of walls. later, the art evolved rapidly and extensively used for archi...

historical sources of early islamic centuries have been introduced “kelaar” as an flourishing city in the mountainous area between tabarestan and deilam which nowadays is known as “kelardasht” in mazandaran. in the middle of 3rd century, this city appeared as the political center of tabarestan uprising against taherian dynasty under hassan ibn zaid-e alavi leadership. despite of its importance ...

“bēstūn” other than a place name is the name of a noble lady mentioned in the pahlavi book of ayādgār ī zarērān. this article presents the author’s revised method of reading the middle persian version of the ancient *baga-stāna- in the sassanian book pahlavi sources and tries to give a clear view on the signification and cultural background of this name as well as tracing it down to the culture...

abstract the (mal –amir) is the city with vicissitudes (up and down) through the history, this city has located in the south western of iran which was ruled by eilamis. the inscriptions remained from eilami period such as: eshkaft – salman, and kool- ferah proven this fact in that area. after eilami's ruling, mal amir has been governed by madha, hekhamanesian, ashkanian and sassanian a...