We propose the design of an optical limiter based on a microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror. The design is based on aperturing focused light reflected out of an optically driven deformable mirror, deformed in a parabolic form. We derive an expression for the reflected light intensity, and we show that the reflected light saturates as a function of back illumination light intensity.

A spatially-discrete sine-Gordon system with some novel features is described. There is a topological or Bogomol'nyi lower bound on the energy of a kink, and an explicit static kink which saturates this bound. There is no Peierls potential barrier, and consequently the motion of a kink is simpler, especially at low speeds. At higher speeds, it radiates and slows down.

Recent experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) [l] have demonstrated that the photoemitted number of electrons from a cesium-activated gallium arsenide (GaAs) crystal saturates at high incident flux, becoming insensitive to the incident photon flux at high intensity. This article offers a physical model that attempts to explain this phenomenon. A comparison of experimental ...

Abstract Bitumen is a complex mixture consisting of different hydrocarbons, which can be categorised into substance classes called SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) fractions. The saturates, aromatics are further referred to as maltenes or maltene phase. To determine the fractions asphaltenes were separated from in first step. A standard method separate column chromatography (...

the internal structure of a molecule can be presented in terms of intra-molecular (i.e., inter atomic)and inter-molecular energies such as van der waals, bond and bending, torsion, and inversion energy.in this study, changes in molecular energies of individual asphalt components are evaluated as afunction of physical aging factors. the factors for physical aging such as temperature and pressure...

ABSTRACT We constrain the orbital period (Porb) distribution of low-mass detached main-sequence eclipsing binaries (EBs) with light-curves from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), which provides a well-understood selection function and sensitivity to faint stars. At short periods (Porb ? 2 d), are predicted evolve significantly due magnetic braking (MB), shrinks orbits ultimately brings into conta...

Our knowledge of electromagnetic heating’s effect on heavy oil upgrading is largely based very limited data. The aim the present research was thus to study in detail microwave exposure absence and presence nanosized magnetite composition oil. obtained data reveal that use improves not only radiation application as a result its absorption release thermal energy but also these nanoparticles have ...

In this study, Iran crude oil samples (K, L) were separated on the basis of solubility and polarity, resulting in saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions. The fractions were analyzed by traditional open column chromatography, thin layer chromatography-Flame ionization detector in an Itroscan instrument (TLC-FID) and Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for the dete...

The magnetohydrodynamic MHD and rotating flow of second-grade fluid over a suddenly moved flat plate is investigated, where the second-grade fluid saturates the porous medium. The new exact solution is derived by using the Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. Many interesting available results in the literature are obtained as limiting cases of our solution. Finally, some graphical results are ...