The bio-heat transfer equation is a macroscopic model for describing the heat transfer in microvascular tissue. So far the derivation of the Helmholtz term arising in the bio-heat transfer equation is not completely satisfactory. Here we use homogenization techniques to show that this term may be understood as asymptotic result of boundary value problems which provide a microscopic description ...

in present paper, a numerical analysis for a rectangular cavity filled with a anisotropic porous media has been studied. it is assumed that the horizontal walls are adiabatic and impermeable, while the side walls of the cavity are maintained at constant temperatures and concentrations. the buoyancy force that induced the fluid motion are assumed to be cooperative. in the two extreme cases of he...

In the present paper laminar free convective heat transfer on flat permeable horizontal plates is investigated. To assess the effect of surface suction or injection on heat transfer a correction factor, provided by the film model (or "film theory"), is applied. Comparing the film model predictions with numerical results of previous boundary layer analyses yields good agreement for a wide range ...

A brief analysis is presented of how heat transfer takes place in porous materials of various types. The emphasis is on materials able to withstand extremes of temperature, gas pressure, irradiation, etc. i.e. metals and ceramics, rather than polymers. A primary aim is commonly to maximize either the thermal resistance (i.e. provide insulation) or the rate of thermal equilibration between the m...

the objective of the present study is the synthesis of mwcnt-tio2 hybrid nanostructures by solvothermal synthesis method with ticl4 as precursor. the heat transfer enhancement due to the use of mwcnt-tio2 nanofluid was investigated. as-prepared hybrid materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the results showed that mwcnts were uniformly dec...

In this work, the effects of scale on thermal behavior of the slab in a walking-beam type reheating furnace is studied by considering scale formation and growth in a furnace environment. Also, mathematical heat transfer model to predict the thermal radiation in a complex shaped reheating furnace with slab and skid buttons is developed with combined nongray WSGGM and blocked-off solution procedu...

The present article focuses on the evaluation of a first-moment closure model applicable to film cooling flow and heat transfer computations. The present first-moment closure model consists of a higher level of turbulent heat flux modeling in which two additional transport equations for temperature variance kθ and its dissipation rate εθ are ...

the term nanofluids was first coined by sir stephen choi in 1995 at argonne national laboratory ,u.s.a .since the discovery, nanofluid have been explored as heat transfer fluids. nanofluids increased the thermal conductivity of existing coolants (water, ethylene glycol) by a magnitude of hundred times which made them attractive for miniaturization of electronic devices .from 1995 till 2008 nano...

using of nanofluids and ducts with corrugated walls are both supposed to enhance heat transfer, by increasing the heat transfer fluid conductivity and the heat transfer area respectively. use of a diverging duct with a jet at inlet section may further increase heat transfer by creating recirculation zones inside the duct. in this work two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow of a nanofluid e...