the commonly used nickel-titanium (niti) archwires in orthodontic treatment are often exposed to fluoride-containing mouthwashes. the aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the corrosion resistance of three commercially available niti archwires exposed to 0.05 wt% and 0.2 wt% fluoride mouthwashes.three different types of niti archwires, 0.016″ in diameter, from dentaurum, global...

the aim of this study was to assess the surface of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (y-tzp) after surface treatment with lasers and airborne-particle abrasion.first, 77 samples of presintered zirconia blocks measuring 10 × 10 × 2 mm were made, sintered and polished. then, they were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=7) and received surface treatments namely, er:yag laser irradiation with ...

introduction: dentin hypersensitivity (dh) is characterized by tooth pain arising from exposure of dental roots. in this study the efficiency of neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser in association with graphite on dentinal surface changes as the alternative to the treatment of dh was evaluated. methods: sixteen noncarious human third molars were collected and sectioned into 5 parts ...

introduction: the main purpose of the present study was to describe the ultra structural changes which happened after treatment of the root surfaces with ultrasonic and hand devices followed by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser irradiation. methods: sixty single-rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth which had been extracted due to periodontal problems were collected. crown and...

organization of various cells lining the olfactory mucosa of puntius ticto (hamilton, 1822) were described by light as well as scanning electron microscopy. the paired olfactory chambers located antero-dorsal to the eyes and communicated outside through anterior and posterior nasal openings. the oval shaped olfactory rosette lied at the bottom of chamber and composed of 18-20 lamellae arranged ...

Cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes most of the biological oxygen consumption on Earth, a process responsible for energy supply in aerobic organisms. This remarkable membrane-bound enzyme also converts free energy from O(2) reduction to an electrochemical proton gradient by functioning as a redox-linked proton pump. Although the structures of several oxidases are known, the molecular mechanism of re...

The 9 + 2 array of ciliary and fiagellar tubules was described in the early days of electron micros-copy when osmium tetroxide was the standard fixative. Cytoplasmic microtubules, which are not generally in evidence after osmium tetroxide fixation, were rarely seen until after the advent of aldehyde fixatives. In some glutaraldehyde-OsO4-fixed material, flagellar and ciliary tubules are