There are many references showing that a classical solution to the Black–Scholes equation is a stochastic solution. However, it is the converse of this theorem which is most relevant in applications and the converse is also more mathematically interesting. In the present article we establish such a converse. We find a Feynman–Kac type theorem showing that the stochastic representation yields a ...

When we studied discrete-time models we used martingale pricing to derive the Black-Scholes formula for European options. It was clear, however, that we could also have used a replicating strategy argument to derive the formula. In this part of the course, we will use the replicating strategy argument in continuous time to derive the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. We will use this...

We consider an economic model with a deterministic money market account and a finite set of basic economic risks. The real-world prices of the risks are represented by continuous time stochastic processes satisfying a stochastic differential equation of diffusion type. For the simple class of log-normally distributed instantaneous rates of return, we construct an explicit state-price deflator. ...

The field of mathematical finance has gained significant attention since Black and Scholes (1973) published their Nobel Prize work in 1973. Using some simplifying economic assumptions, they derived a linear partial differential equation (PDE) of convection–diffusion type which can be applied to the pricing of options. The solution of the linear PDE can be obtained analytically. In this paper we...

The Black-Scholes equation is a hallmark of mathematical finance, and any study of this growing field would be incomplete without having seen and understood the logic behind this equation. The initial focus of this paper will be to explore the arguments leading to the equation and the financial background necessary to understand the arguments. The problem of estimating the only parameter which ...

The Black-Scholes Equation is arguably the most influential financial equation, as it an effective example of how to eliminate risk from a portfolio by using hedged position. Hedged positions are used many firms, mutual funds and finance companies increase value assets over time. derivation equation often considered difficult understand overly complicated, when in reality confusion arises misun...

In this paper, the Black–Scholes equation is solved using a new technique. This scheme derived by combining Laplace transform method and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) strategy. The qualitative properties of are discussed, it shown that positive, stable, consistent when low volatility assumed. efficiency demonstrated numerical example.

In this paper we apply the innovative Laplace transformation method introduced by Sheen, Sloan, and Thomée (IMA J. Numer. Anal., 2003) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The algorithm is of arbitrary high convergence rate and naturally parallelizable. It is shown that the method is very efficient for calculating various option prices. Existence and uniqueness properties of the Laplace transfo...