Purpose This study aims to combine information about sea level rise (SLR), the probability distribution of storm surge, a flood damage function and value property by elevation along coast selected cities measure expected damage. The six all have nearby long-term tidal stations that can be used estimate floods. model is calibrated each city. then compares cost building higher seawalls today vers...

Over 60% of Singapore’s coral reef habitat have been lost to decades of urban development pressure including land reclamation. Underwater visibility of less than 2m due to heavy sedimentation has restricted the healthy coral growth zone to the reef crest and upper 5m of the reef slope. Despite the impacts, coral species diversity has remained high together with predictable coral mass spawning e...

Anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) is increasingly being used as one of several nature-based coastal protection strategies along the north-western coasts Canada and US. As an alternative to conventional hard armoring (e.g., seawalls), its usage widely considered be less harmful ecosystem while maintaining ability protect beaches against wave attack erosion. The effects seawalls on have been exte...

Coastal habitats have long been recognised to be nurseries and growing grounds for many marine organisms. Worldwide, coastal hardening urbanisation are leading the removal of natural ecosystems. The tropical island Bora-Bora in South Pacific has undergone extensive changes, with construction seawalls along more than half its coastline since 1950s. daytime night-time juvenile adult fish communit...