protein secretory systems are found in all living organisms including gram negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cell’s organelles that are derived from these bacteria. unlike all other living organisms, gram negative bacteria have different protein secretory systems. at least there are four different independent secretory systems, which are responsible to transport the secreted proteins to the mil...

Abstract Background and Aims: Influenza A(H5N1) viruses  circulating in animals might evolve and acquire the ability to spread from  human to human and thus start a pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) has been shown to play a major role in binding of influenza virus to its target cell and the main neutralizing antibody responses elicit against this region. Recent studies have shown that...

in this study one lymph node from cow with viral lymphosarcoma and one lymph node from healthy cow were analyzed by three different methods for protein extraction, include simple homogenizing in pbs, sonication and phenol extraction. tumor antigen detection relies on immunoprecipitation followed by sds-page. in this experiment streptococcus pyogenes was used for purification of immune complexes...

The by-product from tuna processing is a potential source of edible protein. Therefore, it is very important to extract protein from such raw materials for human food. In this study the optimum pH for protein extraction from tuna by-products was optimized by using isoelectric solubilization and precipitation processes. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the single factor model were used...

Superheated water extraction (SWE), is a novel method, used to extract proteins or other bioactive component from agriculture products. Methods: In this study, the extract from quinoa-barley malt (in a proportion of 30:70) was treated by SWE method. The effect of extraction time (15, 30, and 45 min) on physicochemical and functional properties of the extract was determined at 120 ºC. Results: T...

Objective(s) Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among the infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. One of the main goals in tuberculosis research is to identify antigens which have the ability of inducing cellular and/or humoral immunity in order to use them in diagnostic reagents or vaccine design. The aim of this study was to clone and express the TB'0.4 prot...