OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a reproducible method for characterizing the anatomy of the proximal pulmonary veins. BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a commonly requested test before and after radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. While CE-MRA readily visualizes the pulmonary veins, there is no standardized ...

Background: Over the years medical educational approach to teaching of anatomy has been centered on use cadaveric dissection or prosected specimen. However, there is currently a worldwide debate value and duration as tool in Human Anatomy. Therefore, it was important determine what students felt about evaluate its method learning anatomy. Objective: To investigate perception undergraduate postg...

The exact knowledge of the topographical anatomy is not only a pre-requisite but also facilitates accurate clinical diagnosis during MRI, CT and ultrasonography. It becomes more fascinating if the anatomical specimen being used to study is dry, odourless, non toxic and not a wet specimen with formalin fumes. Such specimens can be procured by using a novel processing technique called plastinatio...