Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) and mouse ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) both produce siliques that are morphologically similar to each other: a long cylindrical silique composed of two fused carpels. Despite this external similarity, the bittercress capsules have the ability to discharge their seed explosively, whereas the siliques of mouse ear cress only crack open along the suture lines to...

Results from a four-year field experiment were used to evaluate the effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on yield, selected yield crop structure elements, weed infestation, contents fat glucosinolates in seeds winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg). The study proved beneficial NT system seed only during precipitation shortage growing season. In ye...

33 The ERA (E. coli RAS-like protein)-related GTPase (ERG) is a nuclear-encoded 34 GTPase with two conserved domains: a GTPase domain and a K Homology domain. 35 ERG plays a vital role in early seed development in Antirrhinum majus. However, the 36 mechanism that regulates seed development remains unclear. Blasting the genome 37 sequence revealed two homologies of ERG, AtERG1, and AtERG2 in Ara...

This study was aimed description of morphological features fruits and seeds eight species related to Brassicaceae family in Iraq, the showed number taxonomic differences as silique long all studied except Rorippa amphibian (L.)b Besser short, however varied dimensions where Turritis laxa L. recorded highest average length with (160 mm) while R .amphibia record shortest (5 mm), addition colors r...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether endogenous restrictions in oxygen supply are limiting for storage metabolism in developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seeds. Siliques were studied 30 d after flowering, when rapid lipid accumulation is occurring in the seeds. (a). By using microsensors, oxygen concentrations were measured within seeds and in the silique space between seeds. At...

Seed development and nitrogen (N) storage depend on delivery of amino acids to seed sinks. For efficient translocation to seeds, amino acids are loaded into the phloem in source leaves and along the long distance transport pathway through xylem-phloem transfer. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana AMINO ACID PERMEASE2 (AAP2) localizes to the phloem throughout the plant. AAP2 T-DNA insertion...

Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (mtPDH) is a key respiratory enzyme that links glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and it is negatively regulated by mtPDH kinase (mtPDHK). Arabidopsis lines carrying either a constitutive or seed-specific antisense construct for mtPDHK were used to test the hypothesis that alteration of mtPDH activity in a tissue- and dosage-dependent manner will e...

In Brassica napus, floral development is a decisive factor in silique formation, and it is influenced by many cultivation practices including planting date. However, the effect of planting date on floral initiation in canola is poorly understood at present. A field experiment was conducted using a split plot design, in which three planting dates (early, 15 September, middle, 1 October, and late...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK), a negative regulator of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (mtPDC), plays a pivotal role in controlling mtPDC activity, and hence, the TCA cycle and cell respiration. Previously, the cloning of a PDHK cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana and the effects of constitutively down-regulating its expression on plant growth and development has been reporte...

Insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was used to identify a novel recessive mutant, designated resurrection1 (rst1), which possesses a dramatic alteration in its cuticular waxes and produces shrunken nonviable seeds due to arrested embryo development. The RST1 gene sequence associated with these phenotypes was verified by three independent, allelic, insertion mutants, d...