Stacks consisting of titanium, platinum, and gold layers constitute a popular metallization system for the bond pads semiconductor chips. Wire bonding on such layer stacks at different temperatures has extensively been investigated in past. However, reliable information bondability this after high-temperature sintering process is still missing. When performing wire pressure (at, e.g., 875 °C), ...

We have developed an automated data analysis method for atmospheric particles using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy coupled with near edge X-ray fine structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS). This method is applied to complex internally mixed submicrometer particles containing organic and inorganic material. Several algorithms were developed to exploit NEXAFS spectral features in the energy ...

Modeling the relationships among brain regions of interest (ROIs) carries unique potential to explicate how the brain orchestrates information processing. However, hurdles arise when using functional MRI data. Variation in ROI activity contains sequential dependencies and shared influences on synchronized activation. Consequently, both lagged and contemporaneous relationships must be considered...

The goal of this research is to construct causal gene networks for genetical genomics experiments using expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) mapping and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Unlike Bayesian Networks, this approach is able to construct cyclic networks, while cyclic relationships are expected to be common in gene networks. Reconstruction of gene networks provides important kno...

Our goal is gene network inference in genetical genomics or systems genetics experiments. For species where sequence information is available, we first perform expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping by jointly utilizing cis-, cis-trans-, and trans-regulation. After using local structural models to identify regulator-target pairs for each eQTL, we construct an encompassing directed n...

This work demonstrates that a version of the Reduction Expansion Synthesis (RES) process, Cr-RES, can create a micron scale Cr coating on an iron wire. The process involves three steps. I. A paste consisting of a physical mix of urea, chrome nitrate or chrome oxide, and water is prepared. II. An iron wire is coated by dipping. III. The coated, and dried, wire is heated to ~800 °C for 10 min in ...

The authors have given us a lucid, concise, and accurate account of the TETRAD project, an account likely to clear much of the confusion over the philosophy of graph-based causal discovery methods. As one who has been active in the exploration and formulation of this philosophy, I am very pleased to see TETRAD arrive at this stage of development and now presented as a practical modeling tool fo...

S/AgI microstructures were produced by solvothermal DMSO-mediated synthesis using two methods of sulfur precipitation: at room temperature (method 1) and water 2). The samples obtained with different percentages AgI: 10, 30 50 %. Microstructures investigated help XRD, Raman spectroscopy SEM/EDS (elemental mapping). XRD confirmed the presence AgI. EDS elemental mapping revealed that composed lar...

O artigo se propõe a pensar Perder mãe: uma jornada pela rota atlântica da escravidão, de Saidiya Hartman, em diálogo com os seus ensaios “Tempo escravidão” e “Vênus dois atos”, como escrita história escravidão que concebe escravizados ancestrais à medida autora afirma descendente vive sobrevida escravidão. Situando-a na nova social no debate torno do caráternarrativo ficcional história, argume...

Silicone based oil is heated in the boiler of the diffusion pump and the vaporized oil rises in the central tower and streams out of directional flutes directed downward in the pump throat. This allows air molecules to dissolve in the gaseous oil (gas dissolved in gas). As the oil-air mixture cools (due to water cooling coils wrapped around the pump throat) the oil condenses and returns to liqu...