Protective floral structures may evolve in response to the negative effects of floral herbivores. For example, water calyces--liquid-filled, cup-like structures resulting from the fusion of sepals--may reduce floral herbivory by submerging buds during their development. Our observations of a water-calyx plant, Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae), revealed that buds were frequently at...

Event-based corporate profiling aims to assess the evolving operational status of corresponding from its event sequence. Existing studies on have partially addressed problem via (i) case-by-case empirical analysis by leveraging traditional financial methods, or (ii) automatic profile inference reformulating into a supervised learning task. However, both approaches heavily rely domain knowledge ...

Ecologists use a wide variety of metrics and software tools to quantify map spatial patterns in ecological data. For analysis categorical raster data, we introduce the GuidosToolbox Workbench (GWB), series Linux-based command-line modules, implementing popular algorithms from interactive desktop application. We provide an overview workbench design, features individual example implementation on ...

A new species of Lepanthes from southwestern Colombia is presented here. farallonensis belongs to the informal group “manabina”, which comprises with concave and commonly pubescent leaves, flowers resting at adaxial side synsepal short long tails. similar L. smaragdina in broadly ovate dorsal sepal but differs conspicuously twisted upper lobes petals, outwardly bent a depression center laminae ...

Diversification in flower shape and function is triggered by the high plasticity of flower meristems. Minute changes in space and time can profoundly affect the formation of adult structures. Dipsacoideae provides an excellent model system to investigate the evolutionary aspects of temporal and spatial changes in flower development due to its small size, the resolved phylogenetic framework, and...

Even though soil loss in the lowlands imposes not as much a restriction on land use and agricultural productivity as in erosion affected mountainous areas, the input of fine sediment into the rivers and streams is a concern due to water quality issues and substrate siltation. Drains, river banks and agricultural fields are the three main sources of fine sediment in lowland regions. For a succes...

The establishment and maintenance of organ boundaries are vital for animal and plant development. In the Arabidopsis flower, three microRNA164 genes (MIR164a, b and c) regulate the expression of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1) and CUC2, which encode key transcriptional regulators involved in organ boundary specification. These three miR164 genes are expressed in distinct spatial and temporal domai...

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. is one of the most important fruit crops and has been cultivated in China for more than 4000 years. Z. jujuba fruit is rich in nutritional and medicinal values. Compared to other wood fruits, Z. jujuba is unique in its flowering and fruiting characteristics. Floral buds differentiation and formation of Z. jujuba is an essential process that affects yield. Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi ...