We argue that energy minimization can explain the pattern of cell movements in the morphogenetic process known as convergent extension provided that the cell-cell adhesive energy has a certain type of anisotropy, which we describe. This single simple property suffices to cause the cell elongation, cell alignment, and lengthening of a cellular array that characterize convergent extension. We sho...

During development, vertebrate embryos undergo dramatic changes in shape. The lengthening and narrowing of a field of cells, termed convergent extension, contributes to a variety of morphogenetic processes. Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process.

Creative productivity has not been studied much as an outcome of specialized science high schools. Rather, STEM career choices, acquisition a degree, and taking advanced courses were taken outcomes. This study examined whether the inquiry-based instructional approaches experienced by students predict their creative its effects are mediated through co-cognitive factors, school engagement, GPA. i...

Wnt genes play important roles in regulating patterning and morphogenesis during vertebrate gastrulation. In zebrafish, slb/wnt11 is required for convergence and extension movements, but not cell fate specification during gastrulation. To determine if other Wnt genes functionally interact with slb/wnt11, we analysed the role of ppt/wnt5 during zebrafish gastrulation. ppt/wnt5 is maternally prov...