The general conclusions coming from these reviews is that many different technologies have been attempted in this area with no major breakthroughs occurring. Once the promising technique has been evaluated using enough inseminations, the results indicate no skewing of the sex ratio. This is not to say that the breakthrough will not occur. In fact, promising new developments in our understanding...

The buffalo is an important livestock resource in several countries of South Asia and the Mediterranean regions. However, reproductive efficiency is compromised due to known problems of biological and management origins, such as lack of animal selection and poor nutrition. Under optimal conditions puberty is attained at 15 to 18 months in river buffalo, 21 to 24 months in swamp buffalo and is i...

This study was designed to determine the effects of semen type and calf gender on milk yield parameters, electrical conductivity flow values postpartum maternal body weight. A total 265 Holstein cows in first lactation were used study. The effect sperm weight levels after calving significant (P0.05). Heifers inseminated with sexed had higher 100-days yield, peak lactation. Milk duration heifers...

The development of methods capable of selecting the sex of animals has always been a great challenge for humankind. Separating X chromosomebearing and Y chromosome-bearing sperm based on DNA difference using flow cytometry is the only technique that has achieved a useful level of progress, especially in cattle. This allowed the technique to be commercially applicable in this species. Thorough t...

Introduction Although embryo transfer provides a means of obtaining pregnancies from some mares that might not otherwise be capable of producing offspring, some mares cannot provide embryos for transfer. Mares in which embryo transfer may not be successful include those with: 1) failure of ovulation, 2) chronic endometritis (uterine inflammation), or 3) anatomical problems (e.g., cervical adhes...

An overview of the present status of the use of artificial insemination (AI) in South American camelids and wild equids is offered. Technical aspects of semen collection, dilution and cryopreservation have limited the development and use of AI in camelid and equid species. To-date, efficiency is low but progress has been made and viable offspring have been produced through the use of AI in dome...