We investigate whether a shallow-dipping thrust fault is prone to waveslip interactions via surface-reflected waves affecting the dynamic slip. If so, can these interactions create faults that are opaque to radiated energy? Furthermore, in this case of a shallow-dipping thrust fault, can incorrectly assuming a transparent fault while using dislocation theory lead to underestimates of seismic mo...

Discussion S waves are seismic body waves meaning they travel through the Earth’s interior. Their velocity is slower than that of P waves, and they are normally the second major phase to be observed on a seismogram, and are therefore also referred to as secondary waves. In the Earth’s crust, S wave velocities are typically 3–4 km/s. S waves are usually larger in amplitude than P waves and may c...

Observations of non-linear second harmonic (SH) in various waves have recently been reported by several studies. However, the quantitative relation amplitudes between fundamental wave (FW) and SH has not derived verified yet. In this letter, equations for FW are simplified under cold plasma assumption, which is reasonable inner magnetosphere. The electromagnetic ion cyclotron theoretically thro...

We derive displacement equations for Rayleigh and Love waves in simple structural models for point sources in order to better understand source effects on their wavefields and radiation patterns. In doing so, we analytically demonstrate the existence of surface waves in these Earth models. Rayleigh and Love wave radiation patterns are found to mimic the P and SH radiation patterns, respectively...

The momentum budget of the Transformed Eulerian-Mean (TEM) equation is calculated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2 (R-2). This study outlines the considerable contribution of unresolved waves, deduced to be gravity waves, to the forcing of the zonal-mean flow. A tren...

The cyclic-tension fatigue in a rolled thin-plate of aluminum alloy Al–4Cu–1Mg was evaluated nondestructively using a horizontally polarized shear wave (SH) transmission method under optimized measuring and analyzing conditions. The propagation time of the SH waves, which contained elements of reflected waves, had three distinct stages, the first, middle and final ones, during the fatigue proce...