For biographical information on Warren, see her reading in Chapter 2. Warren explains and then attacks Regan's strong animal rights position, the view that nonhuman animals have the same basic moral rights as humans. She makes two criticisms of Regan's position: It rests on an obscure concept of inherent value, and it fails to draw a sharp line between living things which have inherent value an...

The priority that Tessman’s argument gives to phenomenological and neuropsychological explanations of moral requirements entails a fundamental shift in our understanding of these. Two central problems of normative theory come together in Tessman’s account. The first arises when an agent’s sense of requirement clashes with what a systematic theory prescribes. The second arises when neuropsycholo...

with the advent of constitutional revolution in iran and the increase in people’s knowledge, women’s status changed and ultimately improved. publishing newspaper was one of the women’s attempts to keep their rights. lady somayyeh kahhal was the first woman in this field, as well as ophthalmology in iran. she published the first specialized newspaper for women in iran under the title of danesh (...

This paper examines Harold Garfinkel’s notion of the natural attitude about sex and his claim that it is fundamentally moral in nature. The author looks beneath the natural attitude in order to explain its peculiar resilience and oppressive force. There she reveals a moral order grounded in the dichotomously sexed bodies so constituted through boundaries governing privacy and decency. In partic...

this paper argues that a risk averse of workers after-tax reservation wage the difference between her reservation wage and the tax needed to fund the unemployment insurance system when liquidity constraint binds exists and it is unique. the optimality of unemployment insurance based on the responsiveness of reservation wage to unemployment benefit shows the disincentive effect, i.e. higher unem...

* These authors contributed equally. 2 Morality – judging others' behavior to be right or wrong, as well as behaving in a right or wrong manner towards others – is a critical component of social life. Morality depends critically on our ability to attribute minds to entities that engage in moral actions (towards ourselves and others) and the entities that experience these actions (our own action...

effectively against many central tenets of moral philosophy and action theory, and advances a new view of her own. The book is a joy to read—clearly written, clever throughout, and compelling in its descriptions and analyses of some imperfect agents who have been widely misunderstood. Arpaly argues for a view about moral worth, or praiseworthiness. Her central claim is that praiseworthiness is ...

Moral judgment often involves pinning causation for harm to a particular person. Since it reveals “who one sides with”, expression of moral judgment can be a costly social act that people may be motivated to conceal. Here, we demonstrate that a simple, well-studied psycholinguistic task (implicit causality) can be leveraged as a novel implicit measure of morally relevant causal attributions. Pa...