Presence of surface imperfections may have significant impact on the stability of the adjacent shear layer and on the laminar-turbulent transition process in this layer. The main objective of the present study is the quantitative assessment of such effects in the case of distributed surface roughness. The analysis is focused on the linear stability theory and considers asymptotic as well as tra...

Foam and emulsion stability has long been believed to correlate with the surface shear viscosity of the surfactant used to stabilize them. Many subtleties arise in interpreting surface shear viscosity measurements, however, and correlations do not necessarily indicate causation. Using a sensitive technique designed to excite purely surface shear deformations, we make the most sensitive and prec...

The stability evaluation of the slope commonly uses limit equilibrium methods, for example, Fellenius’ method in Japan. The limit equilibrium methods have two limitations. (1) It is necessary to divide the sliding mass into slices, and to set up some additional equations to make the problem statically determinate. (2) It is necessary to search sliding surface with a minimum safety factor. Shear...

The probability distribution functions (PDFs) of momentum flux and zonal flow formation in ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) turbulence are investigated, including the effect of the shear flow on the PDFs. While ITG turbulence maintains high level of transport, this may be suppressed by shear flow. Zonal flows are also shown here to have an enhanced likelihood of generation further from marginal s...

We give the equations governing the shear evolution in Bianchi spacetimes for general f(R)-theories of gravity. We consider the case of R-gravity and perform a detailed analysis of the dynamics in Bianchi I cosmologies which exhibit local rotational symmetry. We find exact solutions and study their behaviour and stability in terms of the values of the parameter n. In particular, we found a set ...

This paper presents an invariant image watermarking scheme by introducing the Polar Harmonic Transform (PHT), which is a recently developed orthogonal moment method. Similar to Zernike moment (ZM) and pseudo-Zernike moment (PZM) approaches, PHT is defined on a circular domain. The magnitudes of PHTs are invariant to image rotation and scaling. Furthermore, the PHTs are free of numerical instabi...