Many cells respond to fluid shear stress but in a cell type-specific fashion. Fluid shear stress applied to leukocytes serves to control pseudopod formation, migration, and other functions. Specifically, fresh neutrophils or neutrophilic leukocytes derived from differentiated HL60 cells respond to fluid shear stress by cytoplasmic pseudopod retraction. The membrane elements that sense fluid she...

Hemodynamic forces play an active role in vascular pathologies, particularly in relation to the localization of atherosclerotic lesions. It has been established that low shear stress combined with cyclic reversal of flow direction (oscillatory shear stress) affects the endothelial cells and may lead to an initiation of plaque development. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of hemody...

The localization of atherosclerotic lesions is influenced by hemodynamic factors, namely, shear stress and tensive forces. The present study investigated the relationships between shear stress and circumferential wall tension and between these hemodynamic factors and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in healthy men. Fifty-eight subjects were studied. Shear stress was...

OBJECTIVE Arterial-venous specification in the embryo has been assumed to depend on the influence of fluid mechanical forces, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Our previous in vitro study revealed that fluid shear stress induces endothelial cell (EC) differentiation by murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. In the present study we investigated whether shear stres...

Fluid shear stress is an important regulator of vascular and endothelial cell (EC) functions. Its effect is dependent not only on magnitude but also on flow type. Although laminar flow predominates in the vasculature, transitional flow can occur and is thought to play a role in vascular diseases. While a great deal is known about the mechanisms and signaling cascades through which laminar shear...

this study deals with the applications of a trigonometric shear deformation theory considering the effect of the transverse shear deformation on the static flexural analysis of the soft core sandwich beams. the theory gives realistic variation of the transverse shear stress through the thickness, and satisfies the transverse shear stress free conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the bea...

Atherosclerosis begins as local inflammation of arterial walls at sites of disturbed flow, such as vessel curvatures and bifurcations with low shear stress. c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) is a major regulator of flow-dependent gene expression in endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the in vivo role of JNK in low shear stress in atherosclerosis. We aimed to obser...

BACKGROUND Regions in the vasculature exposed to steady laminar flow have a lower likelihood for atherosclerosis than regions exposed to disturbed flow with low shear stress. We previously found that laminar flow of short duration inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-mediated proinflammatory signaling in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). However, mechanisms responsible for the atheroprot...

In startup of steady shearing flow of two viscous unentangled liquids, namely low-molecular-weight polystyrene and -Dglucose, the shear stress catastrophically collapses if the shear rate is raised above a value coresponding to a critical initial shear stress of around 0.1-0.3 Mpa. The time-dependence of the shear stress during

Shear stress measured on three different cushioning materials 1 Summary Shear force is an important component of the mechanical load on a person that is supported by a surface. Too high shear force leads to occlusion of blood flow, which is seen as one of the most important factors behind pressure sores and discomfort. In the present study the influence of three different cushioning materials (...