نتایج جستجو برای: short term memory

تعداد نتایج: 1107700  

Journal: :Acta psychologica 2013
Rachel E Avery Luke D Smillie Jan W de Fockert

The present research examined the role of working memory in the pursuit of qualitatively different achievement goals. Pursuit of a mastery-approach goal entails a focus on developing self-referential competence while a performance-approach goal entails a focus on demonstrating normative competence. Across two experiments it was found that, when working memory is loaded, individuals pursuing a m...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005
So-Yeon Kim Min-Shik Kim Marvin M Chun

People have difficulty performing two tasks at once. For example, maintaining items in working memory (WM) makes people more distractible. However, different types of WM load may have different effects on attentional selection depending on whether WM load overlaps with mechanisms involved in target or distractor processing. Three experiments examined the effect of concurrent WM load on Stroop t...

Journal: :Psychonomic bulletin & review 2005
Andrew R A Conway Michael J Kane Michael F Bunting D Zach Hambrick Oliver Wilhelm Randall W Engle

Working memory (WM) span tasks-and in particular, counting span, operation span, and reading span tasks-are widely used measures of WM capacity. Despite their popularity, however, there has never been a comprehensive analysis of the merits of WM span tasks as measurement tools. Here, we review the genesis of these tasks and discuss how and why they came to be so influential. In so doing, we add...

Journal: :Psychonomic bulletin & review 2010
Keisuke Fukuda Edward Vogel Ulrich Mayr Edward Awh

A key motivation for understanding capacity in working memory (WM) is its relationship with fluid intelligence. Recent evidence has suggested a two-factor model that distinguishes between the number of representations that can be maintained in WM and the resolution of those representations. To determine how these factors relate to fluid intelligence, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis ...

2015
Chuljung Kwak Chae-Seok Lim Bong-Kiun Kaang

Assessing the working memory of the rodent by using a touch-screen system has several advantages (e.g., allowing highly accurate data collection and flexibility in memory task design). However, there is currently no available testing paradigm utilizing touch-screen systems that can assess working memory in the mouse. In this study, we developed a touch-screen testing paradigm in which mice were...

Journal: :Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition 2003
Donald J Seyler Elizabeth P Kirk Mark H Ashcraft

Four experiments examined performance on the 100 "basic facts" of subtraction and found a discontinuous "stair step" function for reaction times and errors beginning with 11 - n facts. Participants' immediate retrospective reports of nonretrieval showed the same pattern in Experiment 3. The degree to which elementary subtraction depends on working memory (WM) was examined in a dual-task paradig...

Journal: :Emotion 2012
Annette Brose Florian Schmiedek Martin Lövdén Ulman Lindenberger

Across days, individuals experience varying levels of negative affect, control of attention, and motivation. We investigated whether this intraindividual variability was coupled with daily fluctuations in working memory (WM) performance. In 100 days, 101 younger individuals worked on a spatial N-back task and rated negative affect, control of attention, and motivation. Results showed that indiv...

Journal: :Trends in cognitive sciences 2012
Adam Gazzaley Anna C Nobre

Selective attention, the ability to focus our cognitive resources on information relevant to our goals, influences working memory (WM) performance. Indeed, attention and working memory are increasingly viewed as overlapping constructs. Here, we review recent evidence from human neurophysiological studies demonstrating that top-down modulation serves as a common neural mechanism underlying these...

Journal: :Brain research 2011
Roman Freunberger Markus Werkle-Bergner Birgit Griesmayr Ulman Lindenberger Wolfgang Klimesch

It has been claimed that the coordination of neuronal oscillations differing in frequency is relevant for cognition. However, the validity of this claim has scarcely been investigated. Recent studies revealed that cross-frequency phase coupling and modulations of alpha-power dissociate between retention of relevant and suppression of irrelevant information in visual working memory (WM). We summ...

Journal: :Cerebral cortex 2016
John Towler Maria Kelly Martin Eimer

The capacity of visual working memory for faces is extremely limited, but the reasons for these limitations remain unknown. We employed event-related brain potential measures to demonstrate that individual faces have to be focally attended in order to be maintained in working memory, and that attention is allocated to only a single face at a time. When 2 faces have to be memorized simultaneousl...

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