The extreme range of motion at the shoulder, the high angular velocities and torques, and the repetitious nature of the pitching motion combine to make the shoulder vulnerable to injury during the baseball pitch. An understanding of the biomechanics that contribute to shoulder injuries during each phase of the pitching motion can facilitate the athlete's diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation...

Dislocation and instability of the shoulder joint are rare occurrences in childhood. Traumatic, infectious, congenital, and neuromuscular causes of pediatric recurrent shoulder dislocations are reported before. Central nervous system infection in infancy may be a reason for shoulder instability during childhood. This situation, which causes a disability for children, can be treated successfully...

OBJECTIVE To clarify the pathophysiology of hemiplegic shoulder pain by determining the frequency of abnormal shoulder physical diagnosis signs and the accuracy of self-report. DESIGN Prospective inception cohort. SETTING Academic inpatient stroke rehabilitation service. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive admissions (N=46) to stroke rehabilitation service. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUT...

We selected 106 hemiplegic patients with shoulder pain hospitalized after stroke from three hospitals in Nanjing, China between February 2007 and January 2012. All patients had complete clinical data sets and accounted for 45.5% of the inpatients because of stroke. Results showed that the number of patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain post stroke increased yearly, attacking mainly males 50-69...

Shoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder...

Patients who present with global capsular laxity and glenohumeral instability frequently can be treated successfully with shoulder girdle musculature strengthening exercises and activity modification. When such injury is caused by a paralytic shoulder, a rehabilitation program may not be a viable treatment option. Presented in this article are 3 patients with global capsular laxity and glenohum...

Internal impingement is a commonly described cause of shoulder pain in the overhead athlete, particularly in tennis players. Three shoulder dysfunctions, often correlated with internal impingement symptoms, require attention in the rehabilitation strategy of internal impingement in the tennis player: (1) acquired glenohumeral anterior instability, (2) loss of internal rotation range of motion, ...

introduction professional sports injuries are usually all dealt with at one single operation to return the player to the sport after appropriate rehabilitation. we questioned the assumption that rotator cuff tears must be repaired concurrently with instability syndromes, and aimed to allow a professional rugby league player to achieve career goals by not correcting all pathology at one surgery....

BACKGROUND Patients with frozen shoulder who fail conservative therapy need surgical treatment and aggressive post-operative rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of continuous cervical epidural analgesia on pain scores and range of motion of the shoulder joint in patients undergoing surgery for treatment of refractory frozen shoulder. METHODS Twenty-one patients with refractory ...

UNLABELLED Fractures of the upper end of the humerus are relatively common. They are predominant in the female population (85%), age over 50 years, where the force that leads to fractures in 90% of cases is moderate. Multifragmentary (three-part and four-part) fracture of the upper end of humerus, treated nonoperatively, often leaves behind a significant disability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Betw...