1. THE OVERHAND SHUFFLE (~o The two most common methods of shuffling a deck of playing cards are the riffle shuffle and the overhand shuffle. The riffle shuffle is performed by splitting the deck into two halves and interlacing them. Aldous and Diaconis have shown in Ref. I that approximately 2 log N riffle shuffles suffices to randomize a deck (the meaning of this will be made more precise bel...

Whether it is for e-science or business, the amount of data produced every year is growing at a high rate. Managing and processing those data raises new challenges. MapReduce is one answer to the need for scalable tools able to handle the amount of data. It imposes a general structure of computation and let the implementation perform its optimizations. During the computation, there is a phase c...

We report further development of a novel recombinant protein expression system based on the Gram-negative bacterium, Ralstonia eutropha. In this study, we were able to express soluble, active, organophosphohydrolase (OPH), a protein that is prone to inclusion body formation in Escherichia coli, at titers greater than 10 g/L in high cell density fermentation. This represents a titer that is appr...

the use of organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) enzyme to degrade chemical warfare agents is one of the most frequently used decontamination methods. oph is a ~36 kda homodimeric metalloprotein that is found in the membrane of flavobacterium sp. strain atcc 27551 and brevundimonas diminuta mg and is capable of hydrolyzing a wide range of oxon and thion , such as paraoxon and parathion. oph gene ( o...

Wen, L.-M., Xu, P., Benegal, G., Carvaho, M. R. C., Butler, D. R., and Buck, G. A. 2001. Trypanosoma cruzi: Exogenously regulated gene expression. Experimental Parasitology 97, 196–204. A regulated expression vector would provide a strong tool for the dissection of gene function in Trypanosoma cruzi. Herein, we establish a system in which genes in T. cruzi expression vectors can be exogenously ...

Self-processing hairpin ribozymes have been synthesized from promoterless singlestranded DNA circles (73 nt) within mammalian cells. Following lipid-mediated transient transfection, DNA circles were efficiently internalized by mouse L cells (OST7–1) that stably express T7 RNA polymerase confining it to the cytoplasm. Cellular uptake of circular DNA templates and intracellular accumulation of ri...