This paper explores the potential to retrieve surface soil moisture and optical depth simultaneously for several different patches of land cover in a single pixel from dual polarization, multiangle microwave brightness temperature observations such as will be provided by, for instance, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. MICRO-SWEAT, a coupled land-surface and microwave emissio...

Hydrological models generally contain parameters that cannot be measured directly, but can only be meaningfully inferred by calibration against a historical record of input–output data. While considerable progress has been made in the development and application of automatic procedures for model calibration, such methods have received criticism for their lack of rigor in treating uncertainty in...

Groundwater management is a significant task to have sustainable groundwater sources in Afghanistan especially in Kabul Basin. In this study, the groundwater level fluctuation simulation and forecast by a traditional tank model, snow tank + traditional tank model (S + traditional tank), combined tank model and snow combined tank model (SC-tank model) were compared. The variables (precipitation,...

Sunshine duration is an important variable that is widely used in atmospheric energy balance studies, analysis of the thermal loadings on buildings, climate research, and the evaluation of agricultural resources. In most cases, it is calculated using an interpolation method based on regional-scale meteorological data from field stations. Accurate values in the field are difficult to obtain with...

The successful application of a conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) model depends on how well it is calibrated. Despite the popularity of CRR models, reports in the literature indicate that it is typically difficult, if not. i.•possible, to obtain unique optimal values for their parameters using automatic calibration methods. Unless the best set of parameters.associated witha given calibration dat...

This article assesses the effect of potential future climate change on streamflow in the Luohe River basin. The predicted future climate change by two SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) climate change scenarios (A2 and B2) and two general circulation models (HadCM3 and CGCM2) were applied. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a physically based distributed hydrological model, was ca...

This study marks a significant step toward the future development of river discharges forecasted in real time for flash flood early warning system (EWS) disaster prevention frameworks Chugoku region Japan, and presumably worldwide. To reduce impacts with EWSs, accurate integrated hydrometeorological real-time models predicting extreme water levels are needed, but they not satisfactorily due to ...

The reduction of information contained in model time series through the use of aggregating statistical measures is very high compared to the amount of information that one would like to draw from it for model identification and calibration purposes. Applied within a model identification context, aggregating statistical performance measures are 5 inadequate to capture details on time series char...

The amount of water taken from groundwater for agricultural irrigation is often not observed, while hydrological models have been extensively proposed to investigate the dynamics and impacts in areas. In this work, we propose an agro-hydrological model that integrates with traditional Xin’anjiang (XAJ) model. particular, incorporates FAO guidelines on crop evapotranspiration into routing balanc...

This paper introduces a Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm based method for the optimization of machining parameters for milling operations. An objective function based on maximum profit in milling operation has been used. The algorithm is compared with others techniques and outperforms the results reached by standard shuffled frogleaping algorithm, differential evolution, particle swarm optimizat...