Some individuals who engage in self-injurious behavior (SIB) also exhibit self-restraint. In the present study, a series of three functional analyses were conducted to determine the variables that maintained a participant's SIB, one without restraint items available, one with a preferred and effective form of self-restraint (an airplane pillow) available noncontingently, and one with this item ...

Cell lines expressing the human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5a (hmGluR5a) and hmGluR1b were used as targets in an automated high-throughput screening (HTS) system that measures changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) using fluorescence detection. This functional screen was used to identify the mGluR5-selective antagonist, SIB-1757 [6-methyl-2-(phenylazo)-3-pyridinol], which inhibite...

The formulae for computing the so-called Sib Index using codominant alleles for (1) full-sib and (2) half-sib parentage are given. Hypothesis testing is based on the distribution of conditional likelihood ratio or Bayes' factor. Thresholds for rejecting the null hypothesis and P-values were obtained in function of the number of alleles and their frequency distributions. Simulations showed that ...

Parent-offspring conflict (POC) theory is an interesting conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of parental care. However, this theory is not easy to test empirically, as exact measures of parental investment in an experimental set-up are difficult to obtain. We have used free-ranging dogs Canis familiaris in India, to study POC in the context of extended parental care. We observed...

OBJECTIVE Radiotherapy techniques have evolved from 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) where boost fields are delivered either sequentially (IMRTseq) or with a simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT+SIB). Our goal was to compare the outcomes of patients treated with IMRT+SIB to traditional standards. METHODS We analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of pati...

Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in people with intellectual disability (ID) is an often persistent and sometimes life-threatening problem. Research suggests that body sites targeted by SIB are non-randomly distributed across the body (Symons & Thompson, 1997). Self-injury sites may also overlap with acupuncture analgesia (AA) sites, which has been linked to the opioid hypothesis of SIB. The dist...

Self-injury is a devastating, maladaptive behavior disorder that is common in developmental disabilities and is comorbid with numerous psychiatric disorders. Examples of self-injurious behavior (SIB) include head-banging, self-biting, and self-punching. The neurochemical basis of SIB is unknown; however, many different classes of drugs are prescribed (e.g., neuroleptics, atypical neuroleptics, ...

This dosimetric study investigated the impact of multileaf collimators (MLC) leaf width in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for head and neck cancers (HNC), either with a "standard" simultaneously integrated boost technique (S-SIB) or with a "dose painting" SIB technique (DP-SIB). HNC patients were planned either with an S-SIB comprising three dose levels, from 56 to 70 Gy (16 patients),...

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a primary reason that individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) are either retained in restrictive environments or are administered psychotropic medication. There are no known causes and no universally accepted treatments for this complex behavior among individuals with NDD. There is developing evidence, however, that individuals exhibiting SIB have...

The term Self-injurious Behavior (SIB) represents behavioral characteristics that can damage body tissue. Persons with Intellectual Disability (ID) have a greater probability of developing inadequate behavior such as SIB. Literature indicates the presence of SIB in different syndromes. In the Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) the most frequent physical manifestation is skin-picking, which involves th...