AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effects of caffeine and bright light therapy on simulated nighttime driving in sleep-deprived healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Twelve male healthy volunteers aged 20 to 50 years participated in a randomized cross-over study of simulated nighttime driving at a sleep laboratory, followed by recovery sleep with polysomnography at home. The volunteers r...

Kin-selection theory underlies our basic understanding of social evolution [1, 2]. Nest drifting in eusocial insects (where workers move between nests) presents a challenge to this paradigm, since a worker should remain as a helper on her natal colony, rather than visit other colonies to which she is less closely related. Here we reveal nest drifting as a strategy by which workers may maximize ...

In this article, we present a scalable video compression algorithm to deliver higher compression efficiency with limited drifting error. MPEG-4 Fine Granularity Scalability (FGS) compresses the video into a base layer and an enhancement layer. Currently, because the enhancement layer is predicted from the poor-quality base layer, the compression efficiency is low. To improve the compression eff...

In this chapter we discuss the role of context in organizing episodic memories. We define context as slowly drifting information (i.e. information that persists over a relatively long time scale in the person's brain; for example, a representation of the person's location). First, we use the Temporal Context Model of memory search (Howard & Kahana, 2002) to illustrate how binding slowly-driftin...

In recent years, many systems have been developed which aim at helping users to find pieces of information or other objects that are in accordance with their personal interests. In these systems, machine learning methods are often used to acquire the user interest profile. Frequently user interests drift with time. The ability to adapt fast to the current user's interests is an important featur...

Restless bandits model the exploration vs. exploitation trade-off in a changing (non-stationary) world. Restless bandits have been studied in both the context of continuously-changing (drifting) and change-point (sudden) restlessness. In this work, we study specific classes of drifting restless bandits selected for their relevance to modelling an online website optimization process. The contrib...

This paper presents the evaluation of the translation quality and Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) performance when using session information as the context of queries. The hypothesis is that previous queries provide context that helps to solve ambiguous translations in the current query. We tested several strategies on the TREC 2010 Session track dataset, which includes query reformu...

We incorporate fading and reset mechanisms in an enhanced fine granularity scalability algorithm to reduce the drifting error at low bit rate while still maintaining 1.5dB PSNR gain at high bit rate over the current MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability. Many of previous works use enhancement layers to predict enhancement layers so as to increase the compression efficiency. Drifting error occurs ...

Title: Nonlinear signal summation in magnocellular neurons of the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus Abbreviated title: Signal summation in the macaque LGN Abstract Magnocellular (M-), but not parvocellular (P-) neurons of the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) differ distinctively in their responses to counterphase-modulated and drifting gratings. Relative to stimulation with drifting gr...