In modern wireless communications, numerous diversity techniques are used to improve the performance of signal transmission over multiple channels. This paper focuses primarily on the evaluation of Quasi Orthogonal & Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for a 4x2 system model. The paper proceeds by checking which of these two codes Orthogonal STBC or Quasi-orthogonal STBC, is better by eval...

Fundamental limits on detection in low SNR

A modified-SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction) technique where external powerful optical pulses are employed as a light source of chirped reference pulses for sum-frequency generation is proposed and is demonstrated experimentally. It provides great improvements in sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, and will enable a single-shot measurement for a ...

I Acknowledgements II Table of

The potential 1-20 m imaging and spectroscopic sensitivity of a cooled 8m NGST in space is compared to that of a 8m ground-based telescope. For 2.5 m an 8m NGST may achieve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage in the range 100 to 1000 for both imaging observations and for spectroscopic observations up to R=1000. In the 1 to 2.5 m regime an 8m NGST may achieve a SNR advantage for imaging of 1...

The performance of an energy detector over κ− μ shadowed fading is evaluated using the moment generating function of the received instantaneous signal to noise ratio. The study is then extended to be included various diversity reception schemes over independent and identically (i.i.d) κ− μ shadowed fading channels. To this end, both the average detection probability and the average area under t...

We perform a comprehensive comparison between terahertz ~THz! time-domain spectroscopy and conventional far-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, including radiation source, detector, signal to noise ratio, bandwidth, availability, applications, and their own uniqueness. In terms of signal to noise ratio, THz time-domain spectroscopy is advantageous at low frequencies under 3 THz, while Four...

In the next decade, high energy physicists will use very sophisticated equipment to record unprecedented amounts of data in the hope of making major advances in our understanding of particle phenomena. Some of the signals of new physics will be small, and the use of advanced analysis techniques will be crucial for optimizing signal to noise ratio. I will discuss new directions in data analysis ...

Volume fraction of fibres (A), aspect ratio of fibres (B) and fibres orientation (C) are considered as control factors in the determination of hardness strength, hardness strength of plantain fiber reinforced polyester composites (PFR P). These properties were determined for plantain empty fruit bunch (PEFB) and plantain pseudo stem (PPS). Hardness tests were conducted on the replicated samples...