We argue that Quantum Gravitation forces us to sum over metrics of all signatures. Since the beginning of General Theory of Relativity the metric has played the dynamical role of the gravitational potential. This has led to an enormously successful classical theory of gravitation. All subsequent efforts at a quantum theory of gravitation have therefore been built around the idea that the gravit...

In this paper, we study two digital signature algorithms, the DSA and ECDSA, which have become NIST standard and have been widely used in almost all commercial applications. We will show that the two algorithms are actually ‘the same’ algebraically and propose a generic algorithm such that both DSA and ECDSA are instances of it. By looking at this special angle through the generic algorithm, we...

Standard formulation is unable to distinguish between the (+ + +?) and (???+) spacetime metric signatures. However, the Cliiord algebras associated with each are inequivalent, R(4) in the rst case (real 4 by 4 matrices), H(2) in the latter (quaternionic 2 by 2). Multivector reformu-lations of Dirac theory by various authors look quite inequivalent pending the algebra assumed. It is not clear if...

background: using primary tumor gene expression has been shown to have the ability of finding metastasis-driving gene markers for the prediction of breast cancer recurrence (bcr). however, there are some difficulties associated with the analysis of microarray data which led to poor predictive power and inconsistency of the previously introduced gene signatures. methods: in this study a hybrid m...

We present methods for computing the generalized polar decomposition of a matrix based on dynamically weighted Halley iteration. This method is well established standard decomposition. A stable implementation available, where inversion avoided and QR decompositions are used instead. establish natural generalization this approach with respect to signature matrices. Again inverse can be by using ...

Methods are developed for checking and completing systems of bivariate multivariate Kendall’s tau concordance measures in applications where only partial information about dependencies between variables is available. The concept a signature continuous distribution introduced; this the vector probabilities margins all orders. It shown that every attainable equal to unique mixture extremal copula...

Based on the existing mathematical formalisms of radar polarimetry, it is necessary to perform accurate and diversified polarimetric measurements in the real world to thoroughly investigate signature definition, identification, and classification of radar targets. For this study the Delft Atmospheric Research Radar (DARR) is used. This ground-based polarimetric FM-CW radar operates in the S-ban...

In light of the fact that L2 pronunciation errors are often caused by the transfer of well-established L1 sound systems, this paper examines some of the outstanding phonological differences between Persian and English. Comparing segmental and supra-segmental aspects of both languages, this study also discusses several problematic areas of pronunciation facing Iranian learners of English. To rea...