Several methods of transformation are currently available for delivering exogenous DNA to plant cells. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, microprojectile bombardment and direct protoplast transformation are routinely used today. However, each of them has certain disadvantages, which led to research into the development of novel alternative systems such as infiltration, electroporation of ce...

BACKGROUND Treatment of lacrimal sac abscess of the traditional surgical approach may result in complications from cutaneous fistula formation, damage the sac, cause skin scarring and even have the potential for inducing cicatricial ectropion. We designed a new treatment scheme that is expected to achieve internal drainage with the use of lacrimal probe and crawford silicon tube. METHODS A pr...

The performance of a large (3x3 cm 2) streamer tube cell in drift mode is shown. The detector space resolution has been studied using cosmic muons crossing an high precision silicon telescope. The experimental results are compared with a GARFIELD simulation.

A preliminary evaluation of several nondestructive testing methods for flaw detection in hightemperature structural ceramic components is being carried out. The ceramics components being investigated include silicon carbide heat-exchanger tubes and silicon nitride rotors. The nondestructive evaluation techniques under consideration include dye-enhanced radiography, holographic interferometry, i...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of nasolacrimal intubation as a primary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in children up to 4 years of age. METHODS During the 3 years period from July 2008 to June 2011, in the Paediatric Ophthalmology Department. Alshifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, 65 eyes of 59 children, aged 12 to 48 months with congenital NLDO and no prior ...

Swallow and esophageal distension-induced relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) are associated with an orad movement of the LES because of a concurrent esophageal longitudinal muscle contraction. We hypothesized that the esophageal longitudinal muscle contraction induces a cranially directed mechanical stretch on the LES and therefore studied the effects of a mechanical stretch on...

Chemical reaction of small silicon cluster ions Sin (11 ≤ n ≤ 20) with ethylene was studied with a newly implemented Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Silicon clusters were generated by a pulsed laser-vaporization supersonic-expansion cluster beam source directly connected to FT-ICR spectrometer. Injected and size selected silicon clusters were thermalized to...

We present theoretical evidence that the paramagnetic E' defect centers in amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO(2)) do not have the same microscopic structures as those well-defined in the corresponding crystalline counterparts such as alpha-quartz. We then present alternative models of some paramagnetic defects that account for the underlying experimental features of the E'-center variants in a-Si...

Abstract Our previous study has revealed that acoustic resonances have non-negligible effects on photoacoustic signals for a liquid sample confined in thin tube. In this paper, we present numerical and experimental studies the of tube hardness directivity generated signal. A glass capillary silicone 1 mm diameter were tested using pulsed light 637 nm wavelength. Black ink was as material. capil...