Background: Due to some limitations of serological methods in diagnosis of patients infected with HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus), it is profoundly important to use molecular methods for the detecting of these infectious agents. However, the most significant problems are the exorbitant cost of these methods and the need of a thermocycler which is an expensive...

background: due to some limitations of serological methods in diagnosis of patients infected with hiv-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) and hcv (hepatitis c virus), it is profoundly important to use molecular methods for the detecting of these infectious agents. however, the most significant problems are the exorbitant cost of these methods and the need of a thermocycler which is an expensive in...

We show that every semi-artinian module which is contained in a direct sum of finitely presented modules in $si[M]$, is weakly co-semisimple if and only if it is regular in $si[M]$. As a consequence, we observe that every semi-artinian ring is regular in the sense of von Neumann if and only if its simple modules are $FP$-injective.

in this paper, we present some inequalities for the co-pi index involving the some topological indices, the number of vertices and edges, and the maximum degree. after that, we give a result for trees. in addition, we give some inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of the co-pi matrix of g.

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.